WEEK 2

Question 1

adaptive defense mechanisms vs maladaptive defense mechanisms

Answer 1

adaptive are found with healing and mature

maladaptive are based on avoiding, negating, distorting reality

Question 2

how many defense mechanisms to know

Answer 2

17

Question 3

define altruism

Answer 3

Transforming feelings and emotions by helping someone who is experiencing something similar

Question 4

example of adaptive altruism

Answer 4

A client, whose child died after being hit by a drunk driver, chooses to work with a local group to support others who have also lost their children to drunk drivers.

Question 5

define conversion

Answer 5

An unconscious process that transforms psychological stress into physical symptoms

Question 6

maladaptive example of conversion

Answer 6

A client experiences temporary blindness after seeing their partner in an extramarital affair.

Question 7

define compensation

Answer 7

The replacement or creation of strengths in a specific skillset to offset real or perceived weaknesses in another area

Question 8

adaptive example of compensation

Answer 8

A client breaks their leg and is unable to play their favorite sport. While recovering, the client develops a skillset in playing chess.

Question 9

maladaptive example of compensation

Answer 9

A nurse who is afraid of working with children decides to specialize in adult intensive care to avoid the pediatric population.

Question 10

define denial

Answer 10

Dismissing the situation as not being true or based in reality

Question 11

adaptive example of denial

Answer 11

A client cannot sleep because they are worried about their son, who has been called into active military duty. The client decides to get up and watch a movie to get their mind off the situation and eventually falls asleep.

Question 12

maladaptive example of denial

Answer 12

A client is told that they are diagnosed with a terminal illness, believes that the health care provider mixed up their clients, and does not believe the diagnosis is correct.

Question 13

define Dissociation

Answer 13

A temporary disruption in consciousness that affects the individuals perception of their environment, memory, or identity that results in a separation of self and those unpleasant thoughts or feelings into an inaccessible part of one’s psyche

Question 14

adaptive example of dissociation

Answer 14

A student is taking an exam and feels uncomfortably cold. The student temporarily stops processing the feelings of being cold to focus on the exam

Question 15

maladaptive example of dissociation

Answer 15

A client who was recently involved in a motor vehicle accident is unable to recall details about the event or their identity.

Question 16

define displacement

Answer 16

Redirecting unacceptable feelings or thoughts about the stressor to a less threatening target

Question 17

maladaptive example of displacement

Answer 17

A client is angry with their boss for a poor review directs their anger toward their spouse, a perceived less threatening target.

Question 18

define identification

Answer 18

Assuming the characteristics of another individual

Question 19

adaptive example of identification

Answer 19

A client experiences a flat tire while driving. They think and act as their parent would in a similar situation.

Question 20

maladaptive example of identification

Answer 20

A child often witnesses domestic violence and begins to harm other children at school.

Question 21

define intellectualization

Answer 21

Concealing or abstractly processing emotions by means of excessive intellectual analysis or activity

Question 22

Adaptive Example of intellectualization

Answer 22

A nurse blocks out the emotional aspect of caring for a victim of violence to prioritize and focus on the client’s needs.

Question 23

Maladaptive Example of intellectualization

Answer 23

A client was recently sexually assaulted seeks out information on the psychological development of perpetrators and their victims.

Question 24

define projection

Answer 24

A person’s painful thoughts or emotions about themselves, something they have done, or the way they are feeling are projected to other people, places, or situations

Question 25

maladaptive example of projection

Answer 25

A child who consistently lies to their parent assumes that the parent lies consistently as well.

Question 26

define rationalization

Answer 26

Using reasoning and logic to avoid or explain the stressor or their actions and avoid their own emotions

Question 27

adaptive example of rationalization

Answer 27

A client feels humiliated during a presentation and states, “The audience is silent because they are interested in what I have to say.”

Question 28

rationalization maladaptive example

Answer 28

After surviving an episode of abuse, the victim states, “This would not have happened if I just paid more attention to their (perpetrator) needs.”

Question 29

reaction formation define

Answer 29

The replacement of unacceptable thoughts or feelings with the opposite emotion or thought

Question 30

adaptive example of reaction formation

Answer 30

A client who is trying to stop their substance use is often heard teaching others about the dangers of substance use.

Question 31

maladaptive example of reaction formation

Answer 31

A client is having difficulty expressing their identity to their peers and begins to act and speak in opposite characteristics of how they actually identify.

Question 32

define regression

Answer 32

A return to a previous developmental stage of behavioral, cognitive, or emotional functioning

Question 33

adaptive example of regression

Answer 33

A client comes home from work after a stressful day and decides to watch their favorite childhood television show.

Question 34

maladaptive example of regression

Answer 34

One person in an argument begins to yell and throw objects at the other person.

Question 35

repression define

Answer 35

A person that avoids thinking or talking about stresso, who can admit certain feelings about the stressor but cannot think about what led up to the feeling or cause of the stressor

Question 36

adaptive example of repression

Answer 36

A client is providing the eulogy at their cousin’s funeral. After feelings of intense sadness, the client unconsciously decides to tell a funny story about when they were children.

Question 37

maladaptive example of repression

Answer 37

A client cannot remember being abused as a child but has a problem developing relationships.

Question 38

splitting define

Answer 38

The inability to accept that an individual can have both good and poor aspects but believes someone is all “bad” or all “good"

Question 39

define a maladaptive example of splitting

Answer 39

A client is discussing a staff member who set clear boundaries and sees this staff member as “awful and a poor excuse for a nurse.”

Question 40

define sublimation

Answer 40

Feelings and emotions that are changed when the individual chooses to take the energy behind these feelings and put them toward a constructive purpose

Question 41

adaptive example of sublimation

Answer 41

A client is feeling emotionally exhausted after a stressful day at work and decides to go for a walk after they get home.

Question 42

define supression

Answer 42

A conscious (voluntary or purposeful) effort where the individual chooses to inhibit or control unwanted thoughts or feelings caused by the stressor

Question 43

adaptive example of supression

Answer 43

A client who is angry at their parent but refuses to let it spoil a family holiday celebration.

Question 44

maladaptive example of repression

Answer 44

A client who is unable to work due to a recent surgery states that they will worry about paying their bills once they are fully recovered.

Question 45

undoing define

Answer 45

An attempt to remove unpleasant thoughts or emotions by engaging in the opposite behavior that caused the initial stress

Question 46

adaptive example of undoing

Answer 46

A client accidently breaks their siblings favorite toy and saves up money to purchase their sibling a replacement toy.

Question 47

maladaptive example of undoing

Answer 47

A client showers their partner with affection after physically abusing them.

Question 48

physical symptoms of stress

Answer 48

Body aches and pains Chest pain and heart palpitations Exhaustion Insomnia Headaches High blood pressure Muscle tension Stomach and digestion problems Sexual difficulties Weakened immune system Dry mouth Palpitations Sweating Shortness of breath Sexual dysfunction

Question 49

psychological/behavioral symptoms of stress

Answer 49

Anxiety Irritability Depression Panic attacks Increased sadness Excessive worry Substance use disorders or addictive behaviors such as gambling Alterations in executive functioning, including language and problem-solving Delayed development or regression Eating disorders Compulsive behaviors such as shopping and sex

Question 50

5 big personality traits (1)

Answer 50

Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability

Question 51

5 big personality traits (2)

Answer 51

Extroversion vs. Introversion

Question 52

5 big personality traits (3)

Answer 52

Openness to Experience vs. Closeness to Experiences

Question 53

5 big personality traits (4)

Answer 53

Conscientiousness vs. Lack of Direction

Question 54

5 big personality traits (5)

Answer 54

Agreeableness vs. Antagonism

Question 55

Social and Societal Risk Factors for Stress

Answer 55

Poverty Previous trauma, including war, violence, or disasters Adverse childhood experiences compound societal stressors such as unemployment, financial insecurity, housing insecurity, and political or social unrest, discrimination, or racism