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Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

Continuity and Bernoulli's equation

1
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy is never created or destroyed, it is just converted into different forms.

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2
Q

What is the equation for the first law of thermodynamics?

A

E=MC^2

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3
Q

Using the first law of thermodynamics, why must mass be conserved?

A

Mass is proportional to energy.

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4
Q

In a closed system what is mass flow?

A

Constant

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5
Q

What is mass flow rate?

A

The mass per unit time [kgs^-1]

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6
Q

What is volume flow rate?

A

The volume flow per second.

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7
Q

What are wind tunnels?

A

They are devices which we use to test the aerodynamic characteristics of various objects.

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8
Q

Why is volume flow rate used instead of mass flow rate?

A

For incompressible fluids(p1=p2)

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9
Q

in wind tunnels, what provides the mass flow of air?

A

Fans

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10
Q

What is Bernoulli’s Equation?

A

States the sum of the total pressure in a fluid at two points along the same streamline is equal.
p1+1/2pu2/1+pgz1=p2+1/2pu2/2+pgz2

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11
Q

What are the two equations for Bernoulli’s equation derivation?

A

E1=p1A1x1
E2=p2A2x2

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12
Q

What are the three Bernoulli’s equation terms?

A

Static pressure: p1
Dynamic pressure: 1/2pu2/1
Vertical Elevation: pg2

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13
Q

What are the assumptions made when using Bernoulli’s Equation?

A

Steady flow i.e. the flow does not fluctuate with time
Inviscid flow i.e. the fluid has no viscosity
The flow is irrotational i.e. fluid elements do not rotate

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14
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The ‘thickness’ of a fluid

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15
Q

What are the two ways viscosity is refered to ?

A

Absolute/dynamic : u[nsm^-2]
Kinematic:V[m^2s^-1]

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16
Q

What is absolute/dynamic viscosity?

A

The resisting property of a fluid to an externally applied force.

17
Q

What is Kinematic viscosity?

A

The resistance to movement under its own weight only.

18
Q

What is total pressure?

A

The combination of static and dynamic pressure.
p total=p1+1/2pu2/1

19
Q

In wind tunnels what do we use to measure air speed?

A

Pitot-static tubes

20
Q

In wind tunnels what do the two pitot-static tubes measure?

A

One is static pressure the other is total pressure.

21
Q

What is the difference between static and total pressure?

A

Dynamic pressure
p total +p static = 1/2pu^2 air

22
Q

What is Torricelli’s Theorem?

A

Simplifies Bernoulli’s equation to calculate fluid behaviour in large , still, fluid bodies.
e.g. storage tanks and reservoirs.

Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics (3 decks)

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