Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biotechnology > Week #2 > Flashcards

Week #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Molecule of DNA complexed with specific proteins responsible for storage and transformation of genetic information

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chromosomes are made up of

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chromatin is made up of what repeating octomer

A

Nucleosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nucleosome is the basic unit of DNA packaging, made up of 8 _ proteins, and DNA (___bp) wrapped around _x

A

Histone, 146, 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

An organism’s complete set of DNA

A

Genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Genome is present in all cells, except RBC because

A

RBC lack a nucleus and don’t need to divide, grow, perform complex function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Specific DNA sequence that encode blueprint for protein

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Genes can vary in length 5386bp () to 3 billion bp ()

A

Phi-X 174, Humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Genes comprise only _% of human genome

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DNA Structure: 5’ end of DNA _ Group, 3’ end of DNA _ Group

A

Phosphate, Sugar Group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of bonds between bases?

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Smallest genome (473 genes) of independent organism

A

Syn 3.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Major Components of Gene

A

5’ - Regulatory Region, Promoter, Exons, Intron - 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Region of DNA involved in gene expression control, towards the 5’ region of the sense strand

A

Promoter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Core Promoters, sites for transcription factor binding, recruit and bind RNA polymerase

A

TATA, CAAT, GC Box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Core promoter that is initiation site and specifies direction of transcription

A

TATA box

17
Q

Two Types of promoters

A

Constitutive, Cell Specific promoter

18
Q

Constitutive promoter is active in what cell type

A

All cell types

19
Q

Cell specific promoter is active in what cell type

A

Specific cell types

20
Q

Region that can be upstream or downstream from promoter, contains silencer, enhancer and insulator regions

A

Regulatory Region

21
Q

Regulatory Region Element that binds co-regulatory proteins (repressors) to decrease rate of transcription

A

Silencer

22
Q

Regulatory Region Element that binds co-regulatory proteins (activators) to increase rate of transcription

A

Enhancer

23
Q

Regulatory Region Element that is anti-enhancer and anti-silencer activity

A

Insulator

24
Q

Coding region of gene

A

Exon

25
Q

Non-coding region of gene, important for DNA structure, allows for alternative splicing of genes, regulate gene expression

A

Intron

26
Q

Central Dogma

A

Replication, Transcription, Translation

27
Q

Two Steps/Levels of Gene Expression

A

Transcription, Translation

28
Q

DNA vs RNA

A

DNA - Double stranded, deoxyribose sugar backbone
RNA - Single stranded, ribose sugar backbone

29
Q

DNA Strand 5’ - 3’

A

Top/Sense/Coding Strand

30
Q

DNA Strand 3’ - 5’

A

Bottom/Antisense/Template Strand

31
Q

Newly transcribed mRNA Strand 5’ - 3’ is transcribed from which strand?

A

Bottom/Antisense/Template Strand

32
Q

During Transcription from DNA to mRNA, _ replaces _

A

U, T

33
Q

Post-Transciptional Regulations

A
  1. Poly-A Tail
  2. RNA interference by siRNA
  3. RNA interference by miRNA
34
Q

Consists of 50-250 adenosine monophosphates, located at the 3’ end of most mRNA, added post-transcriptionally on pre-mRNA in the nucleus (PAP+ cleavage factors bind to poly A signal (AAUAAA) and GU/U-rich motfis on RNA transcript and PAP enzyme adds adenosine monophosphates)

A

Poly-A Tail

35
Q

Roles of Poly-A Tail

A

1) Facilitate export of mRNA from the nucleus
2) Increase mRNA stability
3) Enhance translation

36
Q

How does addition of Poly-A Tail enhance translation?

A

eIF4 complex interacts with both the 5’ end of mRNA (via eIF4E) and the poly-a tail (via PABP) and recruits the 43S ribosomal subunit (via eIF3

37
Q

21-23 nucleotide RNA molecules produced from cleavage of long double stranded DNA (dsDNA) by dicer enzyme. Cause sequence specific post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanisms

A

Small Interfering RNA

38
Q

Degrades mRNA with complementary sequences to siRNA

A

RNA Interference

39
Q
A

Biotechnology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions