Week 2 Flashcards
What are the key characteristics of the medical approach to health?
Emphasizes medical intervention to restore health.
What are the key characteristics of the behavioural approach to health?
Places responsibility for health on the individual and their behaviors.
What are the key characteristics of the socioenvironmental approach to health?
Health is closely tied to social structures, such as poverty and unhealthy physical and social environments.
What is health promotion?
The process of enabling individuals to increase control over and improve their health.
What is disease prevention?
Actions and behaviors that individuals engage in to avoid or stall an illness or disease.
What are the five action areas of health promotion according to The Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986)?
- Building healthy public policy
- Creating supportive environments
- Strengthening community action
- Reorienting health services
- Developing personal skills
What is the Population Health Approach?
It takes into account the entire range of known individual and collective factors and conditions that determine population health status and their interactions when planning actions to improve health.
What are the three levels of disease prevention?
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
What is the difference between the upstream and downstream approaches to health?
The upstream approach focuses on improving the health of entire populations through government policies, while the downstream approach targets individuals’ lifestyle choices, such as managing a stroke or diabetes.
What are the key health determinants that influence health?
- Income and social status
- Social support networks
- Education and literacy
- Employment and working conditions
- Physical environments
- Biological and genetic endowment
- Individual health practices and coping skills
- Healthy child development
- Health services
- Gender
- Culture
- Social environments
What is the World Health Organization’s (WHO) original definition of health (1947)?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is the World Health Organization’s updated definition of health (1984)?
Health is a dynamic process where individuals, families, or communities can realize aspirations, satisfy needs, and change or cope with the environment. It emphasizes social and personal resources, as well as physical capacity.
Primary prevention
Stopping problems before they start
Secondary prevention
Catches problems early e.g. Tb skin test
Tertiary prevention
Helps when someone already has a health problem a getting treatment for it like teaching a diabetic patient foot care
