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ENSF 462 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 viewpoints in describing the internet?

A
  1. Nuts and bolts view
  2. Service view
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2
Q

What is the nuts and bolts view of the internet?

A

The internet as a “network of networks”

Structure, components, and how they interact w/ each other.

The internet is billions of connected devices.

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3
Q

What is a packet switch?

A

Forwards packets (chunks of data)

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4
Q

2 types of packet switches

A
  1. router
  2. link layer switch
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5
Q

What is a network?

A

Collection of device, routers, links: managed by an organization.

Can send/receive data

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6
Q

What is the “services” view of the internet?

A

Internet is an infrastructure that provides services to apps: web, streaming video, multimedia

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7
Q

What are protocols?

A

Similar to “rules” that define the format and order of messages sent and received, and the actions taken on transmission.

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8
Q

What is the structure of the internet? (3 structures)

A
  1. Network EDGE consisting of access networks.
  2. Network CORE consisting of routers/links
  3. Network of Networks
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9
Q

What are the 2 types of media?

A

Guided Media: signals that propagate in solid media

Unguided Media: signals that propagate freely

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10
Q

What is Twisted Pair? What is it used in?

A
  • 2 insulated copper wires
  • Mostly used in local area networks
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11
Q

What is Coaxial Cable? Uses?

A
  • 2 CO-centric COpper COnductors
  • Used in Cable TV / Internet
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12
Q

What is a Fiber Optic Cable? Pros and Cons? Uses?

A
  • Glass fiber carrying light pulses INSTEAD OF magnetic pulses
  • Pros: immune to electromagnetic noise
  • Cons: expensive
  • Useful for network cores
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13
Q

What is Wrieless radio?

A
  • Signal carried in various bands of the EM spectrume
  • Unguided media
  • Broadcast (in all directions)
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14
Q

Some cons of wireless radio?

A

Signal Attentuation

  1. reflection
  2. obstruction by objects (shadowing effect)
  3. interference (Multipath fading)
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15
Q

Different types of radio?

A
  1. Wireless LAN (10m)
  2. Wide Area (10km)
  3. Satellite
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16
Q

How to calculate the time it takes to transmit a packet?

A

L = # of bits
R = transmission rate

time = L/R

17
Q

A general case of sending ONE packet from source to destination, over a path consisting of N links each with a rate R (There are N-1 routers between source and destination) is ? (in a store and forward transmission)

A

d = NL/R.

18
Q

What is store and Forward Transmission?

A

the packet switch must receive the ENTIRE packet before it can begin to transmit the first bit of packet onto the outbound link.

19
Q

What is packet loss?

A

Occurs when the buffer is full with other packets already waiting for transmission. The packet is dropped.

20
Q

What are Forwarding Tables?

A

-used to map and index destination addresses to the router’s outbound links.

  • router examines PORTIONS of the address and uses it to find the right link.
21
Q

What are Routing Protocols?

A
  • used to set forwarding tables
  • may determine the shortest path from each router to eac destination
22
Q

What is packet switching?

A
  1. Breaking messages into packets
  2. packets are forwarded from one router to the next accross links
23
Q

What is circuit switching?

A

Each connection gets a dedicated circuit, where:

  • resources are reserved for the duration of the communication
24
Q

2 main ways to transfer data through the net?

A
  1. packet switching
  2. circuit switching
25
Q

Pros and Cons of Packet Switching?

A

Pros: better sharing of transmission capacity, more efficient and less costly

Cons: unpredictable queuing delays

26
Q

Pros and Cons of Circuit Switching?

A

Pros: guarantees a constant transmission speed

Cons: Expensive, requires connection setup, idle during silent periods

27
Q

2 Ways to Multiplex in a CIRCUIT SWITCHED NETWORK?

A
  1. FDM (Frequency-Division Multiplexing)
  2. TDM (Time-Division Multiplexing)
28
Q

What is FDM?

A

Frequency Division Multiplexing

link dedicates a frequency band to each connection. The width of the band is called the bandwidth

29
Q

What is TDM?

A

Time Division Multiplexing

time divided into frames for a fixed duration, each connection gets its own time slot.

30
Q

Transmission rate of TDM?

A

= bit rate / time slot

= frame rate * bits per slot

31
Q

What are the 2 key network-core functions?

A
  1. Forwarding / Switching
  2. RoutingW
32
Q

What is Forwarding / Switching?

A

A local action, moving arriving packets from router input link to appropriate router output link

33
Q

What is routing?

A

Determining the entire path of a packet. Sets all the forwarding tables in a network

ENSF 462 (12 decks)

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