Week 2 Flashcards
What are the three planes of motion?
Sagittal - flexion/extension
Coronal - abduction/adduction
Transverse - internal/external rotation
What are the three determinants of walking?
Weight acceptance, single limb support, limb advancement.
What is weight acceptance?
the ability to tolerate our own bodyweight, be able to support it and move forwards in the direction of travel.
What is single limb support?
A single limb being able to support the body at certain points in the cycle, muscle weakness affects this ability.
What is limb advancement?
Movement of the limb in the direction of travel (usually forwards), could be circumduction in some cases if severe injury etc.
What are the phases of the gait cycle during walking?
Stance phase (60%) and swing phase (40%)
What are the 8 stages of the walking gait cycle?
heel strike (initial contact)
loading response (weight transferred to the limb)
mid stance (single limb support phase)
terminal stance (trailing limb)
pre-swing (just before lift off)
toe off
mid swing
terminal swing
What can affect shock absorption?
ankle joint plantarflexion and dorsiflexion controlled by the tibialis anterior (front of shin). In those who have had a stroke, they lose the ability to control the foot to the ground reducing shock absorption.
Knee joint flexion - controlled by quadriceps - knee bending important, impacts lower back, feet etc if cannot absorb.
Pelvic drop as controlled by hip abductors.
What is ankle dorsiflexion important for?
Shock absorption, maintaining contact with the ground - creates momentum.
Ensure ground clearance - in those with neuromuscular difficulties, ankle does not dorsiflex enough and creates fall risk, same in amputees.
What is ankle plantarflexion important for?
Push off, calf muscles generate the propulsion force, limited progression forwards.
What are the two types of parameters often measured in patients?
Temporal and spatial
Give some examples of temporal parameters
walking speed (m/s or m/min)
stance time/swing time (percentage of gait cycle) - time taken during phase of gait cycle
Give some examples of spatial parameters
stride length (right heel strike to next right heel strike)
step length - right to left heel strike
strike/step width (distance between insides of feet). Unbalanced have wider step width.
What is oxygen consumption?
The volume of oxygen taken up when travelling a given time (ml/kg/min). Ideally measuring time should be longer than 3 mins so steady state is reached.
