Week 2 Flashcards
Introduction and History
Indicates that successful counselors grow personally and professionally and become increasingly competent through ongoing counseling experiences and supervision.
Boyd, 1978
Emphasizes “the process by
which the structure of the self is relaxed in the safety of the relationship with the
therapist, and previously denied experiences are perceived and then integrated into an altered self”
Rogers (1952)
The heart of the therapeutic process is the relationship between the counselor and
client”
Brammer and Shostrum (1982)
Support the importance of this relationship. “When a
counselor has an authentic caring relationship with a client, that client responds to the relationship by becoming
fully involved in the counseling process”
Boy and Pine (1982)
“The counselor’s task is to generate alternatives, aid the client in loosening and
breaking old patterns, facilitate the decision-making processes, and find viable
solutions to problems”
Ivey and Simek Downing (1980)
Present a counseling
process in which decision-making and goal setting are crucial steps.
Carkhuff and
Anthony (1979)
“counseling is a
learning-teaching process, for the client learns about his life space … if he is to make
meaningful and informed choices, he must know himself the facts of his present situation, and the possibilities
Stefflre (1970)
Counseling teaches the
client skills that can be applied in new situations.
Cormier and
Cormier (1979)
Emphasize that “counselors are people who help their clients to learn”
Krumboltz and Thoreson
(1976)
Indicated that an
effective counseling relationship is one in
which the client and counselor engage
each other as equals.
Boy and Pine (1982)
Speaks of counseling as “a
growing, evolving, continually changing concept, responsive to a nexus of interlocking pressures and concerns”
Belkin (1980)
“Counseling,
furthermore, becomes a way of life for the counselor, and is not turned on or turned off
like the kitchen faucet.
Pietroffesa et al. (1978)
Contend that “counseling is a more intensive process concerned with assisting normal people to achieve their goals or function effectively”
Ivey and Simek Downing (1980)
Who indicate that “psychotherapy emphasizes intensity and length of involvement and is more concerned with alleviating severe problems in living”
Brammer and Shostrom (1982)
__________________opened in private
practice in Vienna
Sigmund Freud, 1886
Foundation of the American
Psychological Association (APA) headed
by G. Stanley Hall.
1892
The first psychological clinic was developed at the University of Pennsylvania marking the birth of clinical
psychology.
1896
________________ published ‘Interpretation of Dreams’ marking the beginning of Psychoanalytic Thought.
Sigmund Freud. 1900
The Journal of Abnormal Psychology
was founded by__________
Morton Prince, 1906
_____________________ left Freud’s Psychoanalytic Group to form his own
school of thought, accusing Freud of overemphasizing sexuality and basing his theory on his own childhood.
Alfred Adler, 1911
_________________ departed from Freudian views and developed his own
theories citing Freud’s inability to acknowledge religion and spirituality.
Carl G. Jung, 1913
Hisnew school of thought became known as Analytical Psychology.
Carl G. Jung
Applies Group Psychotherapy methods in Vienna. His new methods, which emphasize spontaneity and interaction, later become known as Psychodrama and Sociometry.
Jacob L. Moreno, 1913
Conducts the first large scale public Psychodrama session at the Komoedienhaus, Vienna.
Jacob L. Moreno, 1921
Published ‘Counseling and Psychotherapy’ suggesting that respect and a non-judgmental approach to therapy is the foundation for effective treatment of mental health issues.
Carl Rogers, 1942
The Journal of Clinical Psychology was founded.
1945
Boulder Conference outlines
scientist-practitioner model of clinical psychology
1949
Carl Rogers publishes his major work, Client-Centered Therapy
1951
The Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was published by The American Psychiatric Association marking the beginning of modern mental illness classification.
1952
__________________outlined behavioral therapy, lending support for behavioral psychology via research in the literature.
B.F Skinner, 1953
Code of Ethics for Psychologists was developed by the American Psychological Association
1953
_____________ helped to found
Humanistic psychology and later developed his famous Hierarchy of Needs.
Abraham Maslow, 1954
Published a psychological model of depression uggesting that thoughts play a significant role in the development and maintenance of depression.
Aaron Beck, 1967
DSM II was published by the
American Psychiatric Association.
1968
First Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) professional degree program in Clinical
Psychology was established in the Department of Psychology at the University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign.
1968
DSM III published by the American Psychiatric Association.
1980
DSM IV published by the American Psychiatric Association.
1994
