week 2

Question 1

arrhenious acid

Answer 1

substance that dissacociates in water to create H+ ions

Question 2

arrehenious base

Answer 2

substance that dissacosiates in water to produce OH- ions

Question 3

brownstead-lowry acid

Answer 3

substance that can transfer H+ ions

Question 4

browntead-lowry acid

Answer 4

substance that can accept H+ ions

Question 5

conjugate acid-base pairs

Answer 5

chemical species whos formulas differ only by one H+ ion

Question 6

when acid is added to water, H2O serves as the BLANK

Answer 6

base

Question 7

when base is added to water, H2O serves as the BLANK

Answer 7

acid

Question 8

pH less than 7

Answer 8

acidic

Question 9

weak acid

Answer 9

an acid that is only partially dissacosiated in water and is thus a weak electrolight

Question 10

pH = 7

Answer 10

neutral

Question 11

pH bigger than 7

Answer 11

basic

Question 12

acid-base indicator

Answer 12

a substance that changes color in a specific pH range. indicators exhibit pH-dependant color changes because they are weak acids and have differnt colors in their acid and conjigate base

Question 13

the larger the Ka the BLANK the acid

Answer 13

stronger

Question 14

% dissacosiated acid =

Answer 14

= concentration of acid dissasociated/concentration of acid innitial x 100%

Question 15

polyprotic acids

Answer 15

acids that have more than one hydrogen on it that can make an acid

Question 16

lewis acid

Answer 16

electron pair acceptor

Question 17

lewis base

Answer 17

electron pair donor

Question 18

common ion effect

Answer 18

the shift in position of an equilibrium on addition of a substance that provides an ion in common with one of the ions already involved in the equilibrium (similar/related to la chatelier’s principle)

Question 19

buffer solution

Answer 19

a solution that contains a weak acid and its conjigate base and resists drastic changes in pH

Question 20

titration

Answer 20

a procedure for determining the concentration of a solution by allowing a carefully measured volume to react with a solution of another substance (the standard solution) whos concentration is known

Question 21

equivalence point

Answer 21

the point at which stoichiometrically equivalent quantities of acid and base have been mixed together. pH changes A LOT at the equivalence point

Question 22

spontaneous process

Answer 22

a proces that, once started, proceds on its own without a continuous external influence

Question 23

state function

Answer 23

a function or property whos value depends only on the present state or condition of the system, not on the path used to arrive at that state

Question 24

enthalpy change (delta H)

Answer 24

the heat change in a reaction or process at constant pressure

Question 25

entropy (S)

Answer 25

the amount of molecular randomness in a system

Question 26

third law of thermodynamics

Answer 26

the entropy of a perfectly ordered christalline substance at 0K is 0

Question 27

standard molar entropy (Sº)

Answer 27

the entropy of one mole of a pure substance at 1atm pressure and a specific temperature (absolute value of entropy not change in entropy)

Question 28

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 28

in any spontaneous process, the totaly entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases (disorder gets bigger)

Question 29

thermodynamic standard state

Answer 29

most stable form of a substance at 1 atm pressure and at a specified temp (usualy 25 C) and when the concentration for all substances in the solution is 1M