Week 2 Flashcards
What did Jacquard loom do?
Of early 1800s ,Translated card patterns into cloth designs
What did Charles Babbage do
Created the analytical engine around 1830 & 40. Programs were cards with data and operations
What did ada lovelace
Ada Lovelace was credited with the first “program” to be
executed by the machine.
When was the analytical engine made?
1837
Describe the analytical engine
- In its logical design the machine was essentially
modern, - The input (programs and data) was to be provided via punched cards
- For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later
Describe the analytical engine memory
It employed base-10 fixed-point arithmetic. There was to be a store (i.e., a memory) capable of holding 1,000 numbers of 50 decimal digits each, for a total capacity of 20.7KB.
What could the mill do?
An arithmetical unit (the “mill”) would be able to perform all four
arithmetic operations, plus comparisons and optionally square roots
Describe Plankalkul
- Plankalkül is a computer language
developed for engineering purposes by
Konrad Zuse, a German Civil Engineer
and inventor. - It was invented as the programming
language for the Z3, the first
programmable electromechanical
computing machine, which Zuse built on
his own in 1941.
Mention some programming developed in the 1950s
- Pseudocodes: interpreters for assembly language
like - Fortran: the first higher level programming language
- COBOL: he first business oriented language
- Algol: one of the most influential programming
languages ever designed - LISP: the first language outside the von Neumann model
- APL:
Describe short code
Short Code was the first higher-level language ever
developed and used for a computer.
* Short Code was designed in 1949 by John Mauchly,
co-inventor of UNIVAC I, the first commercial
computer produced in the United States.
Describe A-0
The A-0 system, written by Grace Hopper in 1951 and 1952 for the UNIVAC I, was the first compiler system ever developed
for a computer.
Describe the history of fotran
IBM Mathematical Formula Translating
System, later popularly know as Fortran.
* Originally developed by a team lead by
John Backus at IBM in the 1950s for
scientific and engineering applications on
the IBM704, introduced in 1954.
* General-purpose, procedural, imperative
programming language that is especially
suited to numeric computation and
scientific computing.
Why was fortran developed
Originally designed to improve on the economics of
programming, as programming using low level
languages had become to be more costly than the time
it actually saved.
* The solution was to design a higher level programming
language enabling scientists to write programs using a
mathematical notation/language.
Mention features of fotran
–Comments
–Assignment statement using complex expressions
–Control structures (conditional, loop)
–Subroutines and functions used similarly to the mathematical notion of function
–Formatting of input/output
–Machine independent code
–Procedural programming
–Arrays
–Early development of compilers
–Optimizing compiler
Why did fortran have such early succes
– Made efficient use of programmer’s time
– Easy to learn and use by scientists
– Was fully supported by IBM for many years
– At the time, most applications and users were scientific
– Simplified many tedious tasks such as input/output
formatting
– Compiler was generating very well optimized code
