Week 2

Question 1

Measured

Answer 1

Physical quantity being measured

Question 2

Calibration

Answer 2

Implies that there is a numeric relationship
throughout the whole instrumentation system and that it is
directly related to an approved national or international
standard.

Question 3

Test instrumentation

Answer 3

It is a branch of instrumentation and most
closely associated with the task of gathering data during various
development phases encountered in engineering, e.g. flight test
instrumentation for testing and approving aircraft.

Question 4

Transducer

Answer 4

A device that converts one form of energy to
another.

Question 5

Electronic transducer

Answer 5

It has an input or output that is electrical
in nature (e.g., voltage, current or resistance).

Question 6

Sensor

Answer 6

Electronic transducer that converts physical quantity
into an electrical signal.

Question 7

Actuator

Answer 7

Electronic transducer that converts electrical energy
into mechanical energy.

Question 8

Three major sources of noise

Answer 8

1- Noise sensed along with the QUM (environmental noise)
2- Noise associated with the electronic signal conditioning
system (referred to its input)
3- Equivalent noise generated in the analog to digital conversion
process (quantization noise)

Question 9

What do the 3 major sources of noise limit?

Answer 9

These noise sources generally limit the resolution and accuracy
of the measurement system.

Question 10

Gross Errors

Answer 10

1. Reading the instrument before it has reached its steady state.
   This type of premature reading produces a dynamic error
2. Not eliminating parallax when reading an analog meter scale,
   incorrect interpolation between analog meter scale markings
3. Mistakes in recording measured data and in calculating a
   derived measure
4. Misuse of the instrument

Question 11

System Errors

Answer 11

1. The instrument is not calibrated
2. Slow, or long term drift in the system can destroy the
   certainty of static measurements:
   • Temperature, Humidity
3. Reading uncertainty due to the presence of random noise
   • Environmental noise and can often be reduced by appropriate electric and
   magnetic shielding, proper grounding and guarding practices.
   • Internally generated random noise: noise comes from resistors (Johnson or
   thermal noise), from the active elements (transistors), from the
   quantization

Question 12

measurement

Answer 12

the science of determining values of physical
variables.

Question 13

Measurement

Answer 13

acquisition of information from a state or
phenomenon (object of measurement) in the world around us.

Question 14

Why Do We Measure?

Answer 14

• To improve the quality of the product
• To improve the efficiency of production
• To maintain and control the proper operation.
• To compare results and different process

Question 15

Physical Variables

Answer 15

Temperature
• Pressure
• Light intensity
• Displacement
• Speed
• Level
• Flow-rate
• etc