Week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Activated charcoal

A

Class: absorbent, antidote

MOA: Absorbs ingested toxins

Indications: Oral poisoning & med OD

Contraindications:
-Unprotected airway
-ALOC
-GI obstruction
-Be cautious w/ pt unknown ab. pain

Dosage:

Adult= 25-100g orally

Pediatric>1= 1g/kg orally

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2
Q

Atropine

A

CLASS: Anticholinergic agent

MOA:

-Reverses muscarinic effects of cholinergic poisoning

-Inhibits acetylcholine at post ganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites

-Increases HR in symptomatic bradydysrhythmias

INDICATIONS:

-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

-Beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose

-Hemodynamically unstable bradycardia

-RSI in pediatrics

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

-GI obstruction
-Toxic megacolon
-Thyrotoxicosis
-Severe ulcerative colitis
-Hemorrhage/ cardiovascular unstable
-Myasthenia gravis
-Narrow-angel glaucoma

DOSAGE:

Adult:

-Symptomatic bradycardia=0.5-1mg IV/IO every 5min (max of 3mg)

-Acetylcholinesterase poisoning=ALOT

Pediatric:

Symptomatic bradycardia =0.02mg/kg
Max single dose=0.5mg
Max total dose =1mg

-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning younger then 12=0.05mg/kg first then repeat & double @5min

-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning older then 12 = 1mg IV/IO first then double every 5min

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3
Q

Glucagon

A

Class:

-hyperglycemic, pancreatic hormone & insulin antagonist

MOA:

-Decreases GI motility & secretions

-Unknown MOA of Stabilizing cardiac rhythm in beta blocker overdose

-Minimal positive inotropic & chronotropic responses

-Increases BG level

Indications:

-ALOC w/ suspected hypoglycemia

-Antidote for symptomatic bradycardia caused by beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdoses

Contraindications:

-Pheochromocytoma
-Insulinoma
-Hyperglycemia

Dosage:

Adult:

Hypoglycemia = 1mg IM/IN repeat

Calcium channel blocker or beta blocker overdose=
5mg slow IV repeat @5-10min

Pediatric:

Hypoglycemia=
1mg IM/IN if >20kg otherwise 0.5mg

Calcium channel blocker or beta blocker overdose=
1mg(25-40kg) otherwise 0.5mg slow IV

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4
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class: Antidysrhythmic (Class 1b) / anesthetic

MOA:

-Inhibits recovery after depolarization

-Decreases myocardial excitability & conduction velocity

-May decrease ICP response during laryngoscopy

-Local anesthetic

Indications:

-Alternative to amiodarone in pt. w/ cardiac arrest from:
VT/VF, stable monomorphic VT, stable polymorphic VT w/ normal baseline QT interval when ischemia is treated

-Stable polymorphic VT w/ baseline QT interval prolongation if TdP is suspected

-Local anesthetic for various procedures

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

-Prophylactic use in AMI

-2nd or 3rd degree AV block

-Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or amide-type local anesthetics

DOSAGE:

Adult

Cardiac arrest / Stable regular wide-complex tachycardia=
-1st dose 1-1.5mg/kg IV
-repeat dose= 0.5-0.75mg/kg after 5min.
-Max dose= 3mg/kg
-Maintenance infusion= 1-4mg/min

Local anesthetic = varies

PEDIATRIC:

IV/IO dose= 1mg/kg push

Maintenance IV/IO infusion= 20-50mcg/kg/min, repeat after 15min

-ET dose= 2-3mg/kg
-RSI= 1-2mg/kg IV/IO
-Local anesthetic= varies by procedure

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