Week 2 Flashcards
A group of organs working together to perform biological functions.
ORGAN SYSTEMS
What are the 3 primary organ systems involved in human movement?
Muscular, Skeletal , and nervous system
Out of the 3 primary organ systems which is the most important?
the nervous system is the most important—it is the command center of the body. All movement (for exercise, sport, and daily activities) is dictated by the nervous system.
What does the nervous system consist of ?
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and is responsible for controlling the voluntary (conscious or deliberate) and involuntary (automatic) functions of the body and the mind.
what plays a key role in the nervous system’s ability to sense, analyze and interpret information, and respond appropriately.
Nervous tissue
Tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that coordinates body activities.
NERVOUS TISSUE
The most fundamental component of the brain and nervous system capable of transmitting information to and from other neurons, muscles, or glands.
NEURONS
Cells in the brain and spinal cord that form a supporting structure for the neurons and provide them with insulation
NEUROGLIA
Neurons that translate neural signals into chemical stimuli.
NEUROSECRETORY TISSUES
what are the 3 main components of a neuron
cell body, axon, and dendrites
The core and central structure of a neuron containing a nucleus and other specialized organelles that aid in nervous system function.
CELL BODY
The thin tail-like structure of a neuron that generates and conducts nerve impulses.
AXON
Rootlike structures branching out from the cell body that receive and process signals from the axons of other neurons.
DENDRITES
what are the 3 different classifications Neurons are typically separated into based on their function?
sensory neurons, motor neurons, or interneurons.
send information to the brain and spinal cord in response to tactile (sense of touch), auditory, or visual stimuli
SENSORY NEURONS
Nerve cells that initiate muscle contraction or activate glands.
Motor neurons
Nerve cells that connect neurons to other neurons.
Interneurons
What 2 divisions is the nervous system separated into
central nervous system (CNS) & peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
The nerves and ganglia (relay areas for nerve signals) outside of the brain and spinal cord.
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)
name the three main parts The human brain is composed of
the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brain stem.
The uppermost and largest part of the brain consisting of a left and right hemisphere; responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and controlling the body.
the cerebrum
The region of the brain responsible for conscious motor coordination.
CEREBELLUM
The trunk of the brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain that continues downward to form the spinal cord.
BRAIN STEM
The part of the brain where most neural integration occurs.
CEREBRAL CORTEX:
The brain region responsible for motor movement and processing auditory and visual information.
MIDBRAIN
The brain region responsible for posture, facial movement, and sleep.
PONS
The base of the brain stem, responsible for involuntary functions like swallowing, sneezing, and heart function.
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
The brain region responsible for relaying sensory and motor signals and regulating consciousness.
THALAMUS
The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres—the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. The right hemisphere controls movements on the left side of the body, and the opposite is true for the left hemisphere. For example, if someone suffers an injury to one side of the brain, motor function on the opposite side will be affected. This “crossover” is known as
DECUSSATION
Which brain hemisphere is responsible for language, logical processing, science and math, & controls muscles on right side
LEFT BRAIN HEMISPHERE
which brain hemisphere is responsible for Spatial perception, Creativity,Intuition, & Controls muscles on left side
Right brain hemisphere
How many lobes is each hemisphere divided into
4 (Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes)
what are the four lobes each hemisphere is divided into
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
is at the front of the brain and is involved in motor control, emotion, and language.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobe contains the _____ ______ , which is responsible for the planning and coordination of movement.
Motor Cortex
The _____________, responsible for problem-solving, impulsivity, attention, and language, is also located in the frontal lobe.
prefrontal cortex
The brain lobe involved in processing sensory information
PARIETAL LOBE
The region of the parietal lobe responsible for processing sensations like pain, temperature, and touch.
SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
of the brain is on the sides (literally meaning “near the temples”) and processes hearing, memory, emotion, and some parts of language. responsible for hearing, memory, and emotion.
TEMPORAL LOBE
The region of the temporal lobe responsible for hearing.
AUDITORY CORTEX
The posterior lobe of the brain responsible for vision.
OCCIPITAL LOBE
The specific region of the occipital lobe responsible for sight and visual perception.
VISUAL CORTEX
The region at the base of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis.
HYPOTHALAMUS
A self-regulating process by which the body maintains the stability of its physiological processes for the purpose of optimal function.
HOMEOSTASIS
The neural tissue extending from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region (lower back) of the vertebral column.
SPINAL CORD
The 12 sensory and motor nerves extending directly from the brain.
CRANIAL NERVES
Bundles of nerves connected to the spinal cord carrying information toward the periphery.
SPINAL NERVES
The PNS is comprised of what neurons
afferent and efferent neurons
Motor neurons sending information from the CNS to the muscles to generate movement.
EFFERENT NEURONS
TIP: Efferent signals Exit the CNS. Both efferent and exit begin with the letter E.
Sensory neurons sending information from a stimulus to the CNS.
AFFERENT NEURONS
TIP: Afferent signals Arrive at the CNS. Both afferent and arrive start with the letter A.
The part of the nervous system in charge of controlling voluntary movement.
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:
The part of the nervous system responsible for involuntary functions and movement.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
activated by stress-related activities and is often referred to as the “fight-or-flight” system because it elevates heart rate and increases cellular metabolism (energy use)
sympathetic nervous system
The autonomic system responsible for “rest and digest.”
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
