Week 2 Flashcards
Abnomality or overusage of antibiotics can cause what?
Blackened hairy tongue
T/F esophoria and esotropia are the same thing?
T
The optic nerve is what cranial nerve?
II
T/F Air conduction is greater than sound conduction
True
When assessing the sinuses use what type of percussion?
Direct
Which test do you use with assessing the balance?
Romberg
Nosebleed is also called what?
epistaxis
Swollen and red gums are a sign of what condition?
Gingivitis with vitamin c deficiency
Difficulty seeing close up is called what?
Hyperopia
Which cranial nerve is used for the accessory nerves?
XI
What is the eye and ear positioning for someone with Down’s syndrome or even fetal alcohol syndrome?
Ears are much lower than the corner of the eyes.
When do you ask if the patient has any headaches?
Ask when they have any pain during head assessment
What kind of pain would congestion cause?
Sinus pain around the brow and cheekbones
What type of people might be prone to cluster headaches?
Men and alcohol abuse patients
What’s the difference between tension and cluster headaches?
Cluster is when the pain is around one eye and tension is when it feels like there’s a band squeezing the front or back of the head a steady pain
What are some things that accompany migraines?
Auras
Sensitive to light and sounds, and may need to go into a quiet and dark place
Nausea
What are some things that you should see midline on the neck?
Hyoid, trachea, and thyroid
What do you palpate and inspect near the thyroid?
Goiters and nodules, basically goiters
What fingers can you use to palpate the thyroid?
The thumb if going from the front and tips of fingers if palpating from the back of the person
What are the lymph nodes near the ears?
Pre auricular- right in front of the ear
Posterior auricular- right behind the top of the ear
Occipital- behind the main part of the ear
parotid- right in front of the earlobe above the tonsilar
What are the lymph nodes near the jaws?
Tonsillar- right below the ear where the jaw meets the ear
Submandibular- below the jawline
Submental- under the chin
What are the lymph nodes near the neck?
Superficial cervical chain- just down the sides of the trachea
Supraclavicular- on the clavicle
Deep cervical chain- along the sides of the neck
Posterior cervical- in the groove of the clavicle and neck
Which cranial nerve is the olfactory nerve?
I
Which nerve is the vagus and what does it do?
X- swallow
Which nerve is responsible for tongue mvmnt?
XII- hypoglossal
Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial movement?
VII
What cranial nerves is responsible for PERRLA?
III, IV, and XI
Which cranial nerve is the optic nerve?
II
Which nerve is the trigeminal and what does it do?
V and it is for sensation of the face
Which nerve is the glossopharyngeal reflex?
9- gag reglex
Which nerve is the spinal accessory?
XI
Which nerve do you test with a broken q-tip?
V
Which nerve assess hearing and balance?
VIII
Which cranial nerve is responsible for frowning and smiling?
VII
Which nerves are sensory nerves?
I- Olfactory
II- Optic
V- trigeminal
VII- taste
VIII- vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance
IX- glossopharyngeal- taste and sensation from back of tongue
X- vagus- taste and sensation from epiglottis and pharynx
Which nerves are motor nerves?
III- Oculomotor- eyeball and upper lid
IV- Troclear- eyeball movement
V- Trigeminal chewing
VI- Abducens- eyeball
VII- Facial expression
IX- Glossopharyngeal- swallowing and speech
X- Vagus- swallowing and speech
XI- Accessory- head and shoulder
XII- Hypoglossal- tongue muscle movement
What is it called if the eye’s vision and light refraction is normal?
Emmetropia
What is it called if the light rays focus in the front of the retina and what happens to vision?
Myopia and you can’t see far away
What is it called if the light rays focus in the past the retina and what happens to vision?
Hyperopia and you can’t see close up
What drugs makes dilated pupils?
Benzodiazapine
Marijuana
Amphetamines
What drugs makes the eyes glassy?
Alcohol
What drugs makes pinpoint pupils
Opiates- pinpoint Opiates
What would you see in people from tropical areas?
Overexposure of sun can cause pingueculae
What do blue pupils mean?
Cataracts
What is macular degeneration?
Loss of central vision
How early (age) do you test vision?
At four
What do you use for people who can’t read?
The E chart and figure out which way the letter is facing
What test is used to test nearsightedness?
Rosenbaum
What is the corneal light reflex?
You shine a light and make sure both of the pupils dilate
What does the uncover test do?
Tests for strabismus
Exophoria and exotropia means what?
The eye is facing outward
Esophoria and esotropia means what?
The eye is deviating inward
Hyper and hypotropia means what?
The eyes are deviating upward and downward
What is nystagmus?
The eye or eyes are fluttering
What tool would you use to look at the fundus of the eye? Why would you use it?
Ophthalmoscope, especially for the diabetic retinopathy
What is the difference between hyperopia and presbyopia?
Similar condition of seeing close up objects, but presbyopia happens later on in life and the eye’s lens lose flexibility
What are some things to inspect for in the ear?
Redness and drainage which might signal otitis externa
How would you see if there is any pain in the ear?
Pull on the helix, pus on the tragus and palpate the mastoid process behind the ear
What do you look at with the otoscope?
Tympanic membrane
What are you looking for when you look at the tympanic membrane?
Pearly gray color and a cone of light
Right ear- cone is five o clock
Left ear- cone is at seven o clock
Whisper test is used for what?
Hearing acuity and have them close their eyes and stand behind them
How do you use the tuning fork to test hearing?
Place on mastoid
When the patient stops hearing
Place it beside the ear so they can hear
Where do you place the tuning fork for the Weber test?
On top of the head for bone conduction to hear bilaterally in both ears
What does the Weber test assess?
Bone conduction
How long should you stand for the Romberg test?
20 seconds
What would you inspect the nose for?
Midline
Polyps
Drainage
Septum deviation
What sinuses do you palpate and percuss?
Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
sphenoid
Where are your frontal sinuses?
At the start of your eyebrows
Where are your sphenoid sinuses?
Between the top of your ear and outer corner of the eyes
Where would you palpate for your sphenoid sinuses?
Beside your nose under the tear ducts
Where would you palpate for your sphenoid sinuses?
Beside your nose under the tear ducts
Where would your maxillary sinuses be?
Behind your cheeks
Where are your ethmoid sinuses palpated?
Between the eyes
How would you assess the sinuses?
Percuss and palpate
What is transillumination?
Use your penlight to shine on the sinuses and see a red glow
What is an indication of positive sinusitis?
No red glow of the sinus with transillumination
What is the drainage of allergic vs viral infection in the nose?
Viral is purulent and allergic is clear
What documentation do you use with no tonsils?
With a “0”
What are normal tonsils documented as?
With a 1+
What would you document tonsils that are halfway to the uvula?
2+
What would you document tonsils that are touching the uvula?
4+
What is findings of tonsillitis?
3+ and beefy red with pustules
What type of people have ulcers in their mouth?
Cancer, chew tobacco
Why might epileptics have ulcers in their mouth?
Because they might bite their tongue during seizure episodes
What is the swelling of the gums called and what are some causes?
Gingivitis from plaque buildup and/or vitamin C deficiency
What is gingival hyperplasia?
swollen gums
