Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 3 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of quarter-turn valves

A

Butterfly and ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An example of a single seat valve and why you would use one

A

Divert valves:
Fully CIP’able, faster response time, more hygienic, automation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why might you use Mix Proof valves?

A

-Can fully automate 24/7
-Can run cleaner through one and product through the other side at same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 goals of sanitary design (in valves)

A

Cleanable - can you run CIP through it?

Self- draining - product or liquid doesn’t remain in the valve after usage

Made of compatible materials - FDA/USDA compliant elastomers - can be digested if pieces come off in product
Construction materials must be full compatible with product, environment, cleaning materials and methods used and be inert, nonporus and nonabsorbent

Smooth and accessible surfaces - free of pits, cracks, corrosion, gaps, bolts, rivets, dead ends. Easily disassembled for inspection and cleaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cool things about Electropolish?

A

Can fill any cracks caused by hydropressing or cold pressing

Good wettability
Sluff off pollutions more easily
Easier to spot corrosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three functions of valves, regardless of design

A

Shut-off

Divert

Modulating (or throttling) control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a converging valve?

A

A divert valve that allows flow into one outlet from two different inlets (at a time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why would a reverse acting shut off valve be beneficial?

A

For dynamic closures

Reduces hydronic shock

Free-draining top-to-bottom flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Benefits of running a matrix of valves?

A

Can run concurrent processes with separation

Run multiple, dissimilar products flow through each valve and require separation (concurrent filling, emptying and CIP cleaning ex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an atmospheric gap in a valve?

A

Prevents cross contamination by venting liquid out if a seal fails
Bonus, it gives you a visual indicator of a failed seal by leaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Advantages of a matrix over a flow panel?

A

Adv matrix:
PLC control
Probability of occurrence low
Product safety is not jeopardized
Record of activity

Neg of flow panel:
Uncertainty to “what” could happen
Probability of occurrence high
Consequences could be severe to product safety
No record of activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What application might a constant pressure valve be utilized for?

A

A filler - to provide a steady flow and constant pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the 3 heat transfer mechanisms

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors affect heat conduction through a surface?

A

Material type, thickness of wall, surface area and distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which are more effective at transferring heat: co-current or countercurrent in heat exchangers?
Why?

A

Countercurrent

Liquids come into “contact” at the most extreme differences in temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What must be taken into consideration when using direct steam injection?

A

Do you have the capacity to handle extra product, concentration…(look this up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give 3 uses for heat exchangers in breweries

A

Cool wort
Mashing w/ heating jackets
Collandria
Tunnel pasteurization
HLT
Steam boiler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are plate heat exchangers so efficient?

A

Turbulent flow, plates close together, big surface area, capable of countercurrent flow, thin plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to aluminum in contact with caustic?

A

Forms Hydrogen gas (explosive!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define the term “wetting” in terms of a material’s surface

A

You want material to have well wetted properties which allows a surface to accept a cleaning solution and not “ball up” and only contact in a small patch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two most common SS used in modern breweries?

A

304L and 316L

L are “low carbon” versions that have better resistance to corrosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is galvanic corrosion

A

Dissimilar materials in a conductive medium (like water)

Example wrench left onto the top of a fermenter (moisture in the air can act as the conductive medium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is general uniform corrosion?

A

Rust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Examples of erosion corrosion?

A

Abrasion (grain, etc), cavitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is intergranular corrosion?

A

Corrosion caused by repeated heating and cooling cycles - weld decay, heat affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What causes pitting?

A

Loss of passivation on SS - damage of that thin protective layer (more)

Chlorine is one of the biggest causes, exasterbated by heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is contact corrosion?

A

Similar to galvanic, it’s a combination of multiple factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name the 9 types of corrosions

A

General uniform
Galvanic
Erosion
Intergranular - not common in breweries
Pitting
Crevice - between two joints, bad welds
Contact - sum of galvanic, pitting, and crevice
Microbiological induced
Stress corrosion cracking

29
Q

What happens during passivation?

A

Removes “free iron” contamination left from the fabrication process and promotes the protective Chromium Oxide layer

Starts w/ caustic cleaning of oils & dirt
Then Acid wash (nitric or (better/safer) citric acid @ 4%)

45min (20-120min) @ 100F (60-160F) @ 4% citric acid solution (20-50% Nitric acid by volume)

30
Q

Three types of welding?
And what is the most common in brewery construction?

A

Stick
MIG*
TIG

31
Q

Name some locations of important elastomers in the brewhouse

A

Valve seats (internal seals)
Manway gaskets
Pump seals
Inter-fitting gaskets
Hose linings
Bottle line O-rings
Keg Fittings
Filter gaskets

32
Q

What are some elastomer types and where they might be beneficial in the brewhouse

A

Buna / BunaN - widely used in food, dairy, beverage and sanitary. Limited use due to temp and chemical concerns <80C, good oil and solvent resistance. 2% caustic 0.5% acid, moderate resistance to aromatics.

EPDM - very resistant to steam, good resistance to mild acids, alkalis and alcohols, very abrasion resistant, good tensile strength - widely used in Europe , most likely best choice in brewery use

Neoprene - not common, has a smell that can be picked up

Silicone - rarely used, ok for cold applications if not running high % caustics or acids

Teflon - steam applications, if held flat, will deform otherwise. Good for valve stem seats, but poor ability to crest seal

Viton - good for 320-350F, but not for steam. Very acid resistant - in valve seats primarily

33
Q

Why do we insulate? 6 things

A

Conserve energy by reducing heat loss or gain

Control surface temps for personal protection

Facilitate temp control of a process

Prevent water condensation in cold surfaces

Increase operating efficiency of HVAC and other systems

Prevent or reduce damage to equipment - also a bit of physical protection from accidents

34
Q

What’s “R value”?

A

The thermal resistance “R”: the overall resistance of a system to the flow of heat. How well the insulation creates a barrier to the heat

35
Q

Types of insulations (5)?

A

Fiberglass
Armaflex (used to cover glycol piping). Both of these will suck up water unless protected

Closed cell polyethylene
Styrofoam
Trimer

36
Q

Name 7 materials used in brewing vessels

A

SS, copper, brass, aluminum, glass/epoxy lined, steel, wood

37
Q

List 5 material properties that must be considered in brewing vessels and equipment

A

Temp resistance
Chemical resistance
Corrosion resistance
Ductable density - formability
Heat capacity
Heat transmission
Finish
Hardness
Clean ability (wettability)

38
Q

What causes contact corrosion in SS?

A

Contact with a dissimilar metal (particularly anodic or least noble) in an electrically conductive liquid

39
Q

Name 6 materials that may be transferred by piping in a brewery

A

Beer, steam, water, glycol, CO2, compressed air, refrigerant gas/non glycol

40
Q

Why is it important to inspect gaskets on a routine basis?

A

For micro bacterial contamination, physical condition (broken, leaking, deformation)

41
Q

Name two advantages and two disadvantages of Buna-N as a gasket seal material

A

2 adv: cheap, resistant to organic (oils, solvents), resistant to tearing and abrasion

2 diss: less resistant to PAA sanitizers, limited temp resistance

42
Q

What are the three types of compressors?

A

Piston, worm (“screw”), turbo

43
Q

What type of refrigeration is most commonly used in a brewery?

A

Compression chillers

44
Q

List the components of a basic single-level compression refrigeration system?

A

Compressor
Evaporator
Condenser
Expansion valve (throttle)

45
Q

What is the function of the compressor in a basic refrigeration system?

A

Increases pressure, increases temperature and acts as a flow mechanism

46
Q

List the critical factors important for the efficient operation of a compression refrigeration system

A

Want evaporation temp to be high and condensation temp to be low. The delta Temp between them to be as close as possible for efficiency

47
Q

What is the definition of a primary refrigerant?

A

It is the refrigerant that is circulating and doing the cooling. By changing its state, heat will be absorbed (evaporation) or released (condensation).

48
Q

Why are secondary refrigeration systems often used in breweries?

A

People safety, food safety - don’t want to cross contaminate

49
Q

List 3 secondary refrigerants

A

Glycol, water, brine

50
Q

Why is ammonia a commonly used primary refrigerant?

A

It’s effective, thermodynamics are excellent, pretty cheap, phase change is close, has a smell and it’s been around and used for a very long time - it’s well known 1874

51
Q

List 3 general classes of refrigeration compressors

A

Piston, worm (“screw”), turbo

52
Q

List 4 advantages of centralized refrigeration plants

A

Common condensers, common equipment, spare parts (lower inventory, training), you can have a cooling reserve, energy demands spread across the entire brewery. You can take out a single condenser for maintenance and the system still can work. If you are using ammonia, it’s not spread out everywhere

53
Q

List 4 disadvantages of de-centralized refrigeration plants

A

Spare parts, need a back up for every system in case it goes down, more expensive, electrical demand

Advantages: shorter lines, temp control more precise

54
Q

Instead of a compressor, what is the driving mechanism for an adsorption refrigeration plant?

A

It’s thermal drive - done through chemical nature vs mechanical means

55
Q

Select objectives when selecting valves (4)

A

Low cost
Good longevity
Desired service characteristics
Compatibility w/ controlled fluids

56
Q

What is a Cv value?

A

Cv is the flow coefficient.
It’s defined as the flow rate through a valve as a ratio of the corresponding pressure drop across it
Higher Cv = lower pressure drops

57
Q

What is the Cv value used for?

A

It’s used to define the flow characteristics of a valve throughout its range, from fully open to full closed.
The engineer must match the value to an actuator and the fluid system requirements

58
Q

Define the term controller

A

The device which establishes set point and differentiates set point value from feedback value to produce a control response

59
Q

What is a gas compressor?

A

A mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume

60
Q

Why must compressed gas (air) be dried?

A

Because it will release moisture once pressure is released otherwise. This moisture can cause corrosion at pneumatic actuating drives

61
Q

List 4 uses of CO2 related to brewing

A

Carbonation of beverages
High pressure extraction
Inert gas packaging - fillers
Neutralization if alkaline effluents

62
Q

What are the tasks of a CO2 recovery plant?

A

Eliminate undesirable ingredients from the fermentation CO2 (cleaning)

Storage of the cleaned, compressed CO2 gas

63
Q

What substances are commonly contained in recovered CO2 from a fermenter?

A

Ethyl alcohol
Hydrogen sulfide
Dimethyl sulfide
Acetone
Oxygen

64
Q

List steps in CO2 recovery and storage in a brewery

A

Foam trap - removed any foam
Gas re-direction station - to outside
Gas balloon - acts as buffer
Gas washer - w/ O2 free water
CO2 compressor -
CO2 pre-filter -
CO2 dryer
CO2 active carbon filter
CO2 trap filter
CO2 condenser
CO2 stripper
CO2 storage as liquid

65
Q

What’s bad about oversized steam pipes?

What’s bad about undersizing steam pipes?

A

Neg Over:
greater cost
Greater heat loss
Great volume of condensate formed

Neg Under:
Lower pressure to steam users, or
Not enough volume of steam
Water hammer and erosiom

66
Q

Name 3 types of pressure reducing valves

A

Direct acting pressure reducing valve
Pilot operated reducing valve
Pneumatic or electric pressure reducing valve

67
Q

Name 3 basic types of steam traps

A

Mechanical/density
Thermostatic
Kinetic Energy

68
Q

Name 3 main phases of a brewery construction project

A

Feasibility and pre-study
Pre- project
Engineering

69
Q

How much water is used to wash a bottle in a bottle washer?

A

Min 150-200ml/bottle regardless of size

Module 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions