Week 2 Flashcards
What did the Hippocrates propose affected personality?
Relationship between personality and humours (body fluids).
- melancholic - depressed - black bile
- sanguine - cheerful - red fluid
- phlegamatic - unemotional - flem
- choleric - irritable - yellow bile.
Sheldon (1940) - 3 basic body types (Somatotypes)
1) endoderm - stomach plump, more tolerant, evenness of emotions, more sociable.
2) mesdoern - muscularity, more adventureous, more dominant, wanted pwer.
3) ectoderm - slim, more self conscious, greater preference for privacy, more introverted, more mentally intense).
What is a weakness of the Somatotypes theory?
W - there is no evidence to support it.
Difference between types and traits?
types: discontinuous categories (e.g. introverts vs. extroverts). Represent qualitative differences in people. Biologically or genetically based.
Traits: continious dimensions (e.g. introversion to extroversion). Represent quantitaive differences in people, individual differences reflect differences in the amount of trait.
What does MBTI stand for?
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
What is the MBTI?
Groups people into one of 16 types, based on 4 categories.
What information does Sensors naturally notice/remember?
Details and specifics, admire practical solutions, pragmatic, trust experience, step-by-step instructions, here-and-now.
What information does Intuitives naturally notice/remember?
Big picture and possibilities, admire creative ideas, new or different, future implications, gut instinct, learn new skills, work in bursts of energy.
What kind of environment makes Judgers most comfortable?
Like to have things settled, take responsibility seriously, pay attention to time and usually prompt, prefer to finish projects. work first - play later.
What kind of environment makes Perceivers most comfortable?
Options open, playful and casual, less aware of time and may run late, prefer to start projects, play first work later.
Strengths and Limitations of the MBTI
S - holistic sense of what a person is like.
L - based on intuition, little empirical evidence.
What is Psychoticism?
Many individual difference variables can be explained using extraversion and emotionally.
What is factor analysis?
A statistical technique for decomposing large numbers of intercorrelations into basic underlying dimensions.
What are the five steps in factor analysis?
- collective measurements on many variables - subjective: self-reports and observations.
- collect data from many people
- compute correlations between all pairs of variables
- extract factors
- label factors based on factor loadings - subjective.
What is the Lexical hypothesis?
Language has evolved to describe the basic qualities of human nature.
