Week 2 Flashcards
What is Cause-and-effect?
Related to whether we say one variable is causing changes in the other variable, versus other variables that may be related to these two variables.
What is distribution?
The pattern of variation in data.
What is Generalizability?
Related to whether the results from the sample can be generalized to a larger population.
What is margin of error?
The expected amount of random variation in a statistic; often defined for 95% confidence level.
What is a P-value?
The probability of observing a particular outcome in a sample, or more extreme, under a conjecture about the larger population or process.
What is random assignment?
Using a probability-based method to divide a sample into treatment groups.
What is validity?
The degree to which a measure is assessing what it is intended to measure.
What are confounds?
Factors that undermine the ability to draw causal inferences from an experiment.
What is a dependent variable?
The variable the researcher measures but does not manipulate in an experiment.
What is an independent variable?
The variable the researcher manipulates and controls in an experiment.
What is an operational definition?
How researchers specifically measure a concept.
What is a placebo effect?
When receiving special treatment or something new affects human behavior.
What is Ambulatory assessment?
An overarching term to describe methodologies that assess the behavior, physiology, experience, and environments of humans in naturalistic settings.
What is external validity?
The degree to which a finding generalizes from the specific sample and context of a study to some larger population and broader settings.
What is internal validity?
The degree to which a cause-effect relationship between two variables has been unambiguously established.
