week 2

Question 1

unconditioned punisher

Answer 1

a stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organisms learning history with the stimulus

Question 2

conditioned punisher

Answer 2

a previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more punishers; sometimes called secondary or learned punisher

Question 3

negative punishment

Answer 3

a response followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus that results in similar responses occurring less often

Question 4

positive punishment

Answer 4

a response followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior

Question 5

negative reinforcement

Answer 5

a contingency in which the occurrence of a response is followed immediately by the termination, reduction, postponement or avoidance of a stimuli and which leads to an increase in the future occurrence of similar responses

Question 6

positive reinforcement

Answer 6

a response followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus change that results in similar responses occurring more often

Question 7

phylogeny

Answer 7

the history of the natural evolution of a species

Question 8

ontogeny

Answer 8

the history of the development of an individual organism during its lifetime

Question 9

stimulus class

Answer 9

a group of stimuli that share specified common elements along formal, temporal, and/or functional dimensions

Question 10

stimulus

Answer 10

an energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells

Question 11

response class

Answer 11

a group of responses with varying topography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment

Question 12

response

Answer 12

a single instance or occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior

Question 13

behavior

Answer 13

the portion of an organisms interaction with its environment that involves movement of some part of the organism

Question 14

respondent conditioning

Answer 14

a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditioned stimulus (US) until the NS becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits the conditioned response

Question 15

operant conditioning

Answer 15

the basic process by which operant learning occurs;
consequences (stimulus changes immediately following response) result in an increased (reinforcement) or decreased (punishment) frequency of the same type of behavior under similar motivational and environmental conditions in the future