Week 2 Flashcards
Theoretical Models and Approaches of Community Health Nursing Practice
Nurse-patient ratio in the hospital
1:12
Nurse-patient ratio in the CHN
1:10K
What is the goal of theory according to Chinn and Kramer
To improve nursing practice.
“Theory is like a map, not in full terrain but picks out area that are important for a give purpose.”
By Barnum
“Ruling in and ruling out concept. Theory-based practice guides data collection and interpretation”
Schwartz- Barcott
“A systematic Vision of reality, a set of interrelated concepts that is useful for prediction and control.”
Woods and Catanzaro
“Theory provides a way of thinking about and looking at the world around us. It organizes relationship between complex events that occur in nursing situation so that we can assist human being”
Torres
“Conceptual system or framework invented for purpose. Purpose varies, so too the structure and complex of system”
Dickoff and James
“Creative and rigorous structuring of ideas. Projects tentative, purposeful, systematic view of phenomena.”
Chinn and Kramer
“Set of ideas, hunches that provides prediction and explanation of the world”
Pry, Machuk
A theory developed in 1958 by a group of US PHS social psychologist wanted to explain why so few people participates in programs to prevent and detect Tuberculosis
Health Belief Model (HBM)
One’s belief regarding the chance of getting a given condition.
HBM
Perceived Susceptibility
One’s belief regarding the seriousness of a given condition.
HBM
Perceived Severity
One’s belief in the ability of an advised action to reduce the health risk or seriousness of a given condition
HBM
Perceived benefits
One’s belief regarding the tangible and psychological costs and advised action.
HBM
Perceived barriers
Strategies or conditions in one’s environment that activate readiness to take action.
HBM
Cues to action.
One’s confidence in one’s ability to take action to reduce health risks.
HBM
Self-efficacy
A theory that believes that individual must know what to do and how to do it before they can take action.
Health Belief Model
Major limitations of HBM
Places of burden of action exclusively on the client.
She provides complement to the HBM’s
Nancy Milio (1976)
Results from an imbalanced between a population’s health needs and its health sustaining resources.
Health deficits.
A theory developed in 1980’s and revised in 1996. Explores many biophysical factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities but does not includes threat as a motivator.
Nole Pender’s Health Promotion Model
3 areas of focus on Pender’s model.
- Individual characteristics and experiences,
- Behavior-specific cognitions and affect.
- Behavioral outcomes.
Who developed Precede- Proceed Model?
Dr. Lawrence Green and colleagues.
PRECEDE
Predisposing.
Reinforcing.
Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation
is used for community diagnosis.
PROCEED
Policy
Regulatory
Organizational
Constructs in
Educational and
Environmental
Development
is a model for implementing and evaluating health programs based on PRECEDE
Refer to people’s characteristics that motivate them toward health-related behavior.
Predisposing factors
Refer to conditions in people and the environment that facilitate or impede health related behaviors.
Enabling factors
Refer to feedback given by support persons or groups resulting from the performance of the health related behavior.
Reinforcing factors
2 types of community
- Geopolitical community
- Phenomenological community
Type of community that is territorial
Geopolitical community
Type of community that is functional
Phenomenological community
A spatial designation- a geographical or political are or place
Geopolitical community according to Maurer and Smith, 2013
An interdependent set of cultural and structural elements that can be thought of as a unit
Social system
