Week 2 Flashcards
signs of benzo OD
CNS depression, ataxia, normal vitals, slurred speech
if a patient has relavent afferent pupillary defect what is the injury
optic nerve injury
what is the management for microcephaly and what is considered microcephaly?
<3rd percentile is microcephaly and you do an MRI
what is memantine
it is a NMDA receptor antagonist used in severe dementia
describe cauda equina syndrome
this is where you have a severe disc herniation and the disc compresses the cauda equina. you have bowel and bladder sx, saddle anesthesia, radicular pain, and asymmetric paresis of the legs, only peripheral nerves so no UMN symptoms
describe conus medularis syndrome
conus medularis syndrome is when the disc herniates and compresses the conus medularis (T12-L2). the pain is sudden and bilateral, you have spastic hyper-reflexic paralysis (bc whole spinal cord)
describe friedrich ataxia: how it presents and inheritance
disorder of the frataxin protein that causes onset of gait ataxia, and slowly progressing limb paralysis. Other signs are upgoing toes, scoliosis, diabetes, and cardiomyopathy. it is autosomal recessive and a triculeotide repeat mutation
describe autoimmune encephalitis
auto Ab against NMDA receptors which causes psychiatric symptoms, autonomic instability (HTN, hyperthermia, tachy), cognitive impairment, rigidity, dystonia, and focal seizures following flu-like illness
what is strongly associated with autoimmune encephalitis
ovarian teratoma
differentiate between cluster, tension, and migraine headaches
cluster: unilateral, autonomic sx, at night, trt oxygen // tension: bilateral, nopulsatile trt NSAIDS // migraine: unilateral, pulsatile, must have nausea or photophobia or aura abort with triptan
what does loss of grey-white matter differentiate mean on noncontrast-CT
this means ischemic changes and often don’t show right away
describe different presentations of parkinsons
can be mostly bulbar symtoms without tremor, ie soft voices, aspiration and eating difficulty, loss of olfactory ability, rigidity of upper limbs, and stooped posture
describe presentation and what can cause wernicke encephalopathy
presentation: nystagmus, bilateral abducens palsy, postural and gait ataxia, encephalopathy. can be due to thiamine deficiency from alcohol use or malnutrition
presentation of cryptococcal infection in HIV impatients
increased ICP, headaches, nausea/vomiting, confusion, scattered skin papules,
describe physiologic tremor
bilateral tremor that is not caused by an underlying disorder. worsened by stress, caffeine, illness, etc.
do you give a patient with endocarditis antiplatelet therapy
NO! this increases the risk of hemorrhagic conversion for them so you dont want to do that
signs of deliriuem tremens
confusion, tremulousness, symptathetic overdrive (diaphoresis, high bp etc. ), hyperreflexia occurs 2-5 days post last drink
differentiate between Imaging findings in a patient with neurocystercosis vs. coccidiodes meningitis
neurocystercosis will have a ring enchancing lesion presents with seizures. Coccidiodes meningitis is more typical meningitis findings but is more slowly progressive
describe neuromyelitis optica and how to dx it
this is when you have intense inflammaiton and demyelination of different spinal cord segments AND the optic nerve I.e. vision loss and asymmetrical weakness. also episodes of hiccups Dx by aquaporin-4 Ab
describe where/presentation of meningiomas vs. glioblastomas are
meningiomas are often in the parasaggital sinus, so you would get leg weakness and normally present with seizures // glioblastomas are often across the corpus callosum and present similarly but more acute/intensely
what do you do for hypertensive encephalopathy and describe what this looks like
super high bp, tachycardia, tonic-clonic seizures, papilledema // give nitroprusside
are lacunar infarcts transient
NO! they will still show theyre reg symptoms
if a patient has occulomotor nerve palsy and they have signs of SAH, where was their aneurysm
it would be in the posterior communicating arter, anterior cerebral / anterior ocmmunicating connection is the most common still but this would be bitemporal hemianopsia
describe findings of cervical spondylotic myelopathy
lower motor neuron signs in the arms and neck pain with movement. but lower motor neuron signs below the lesion, degeneration of the facet joints, vertebral bodies, or herniated discs
