Week 2 Flashcards
what is pain?
problem causing suffering and reduces the quality of life. effective pain relief is a basic human right
what is the nurses role related to pain?
to assess, document and communicate it with other healthcare staff, provide pain relief and monitor pain management strategies, provide education to patients and evaluate effectiveness of intervention
true or false. unrelieved persisten pain is not considered an epidemic in canada?
false. it is an epidemic. pain i often misunderstood due to its invisability. 1 in 4 canadians live with chronic pain
true or false. pain can have an impact on physical and mental health, family and community life as well as economy?
true.
true or false. pain effects 65% of older people in long term care.
false. it is actually 80%
true or false people with cancer often do not recieve adequate pain treatment
true.
what cultural group have the highest prevelance of persistance pain?
indigenous people
what are consiquences of untreated pain?
unnessacary suffering, physical dysfunction, impaired recovery from acute illness and surgery, immunosupression and sleep disturbances
defintions of pain
whatever and whenever the person expiriencing says it is. unpleasent sensoryand emotional expirience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. multidimensional and subjective, can be expirienced in the absence of indentifiable tissue damage. NOT synonymous with suffering
what is nociception in pain?
physiological process that sense and communicates tissue damage (pain signals) to the central nervous system
what are the mechanisms by which pain is recieved?
1) transduction: process of converting painful stimuli into electrical signals
2) transmission: the signals travel to the brain
3) perception: when the signal reaches the brain and person is consiously aware they are in pain.
4) modulation: the bodies response to the pain
What are the 5 dimensions of pain?
1) Sensory - discriminative: recognition of sensation that something is painful. sensory pain elements include pattern, area, intensity and nature
2) motivational-affective: emotional response to pain expiriance
3) Behavioural: observable actions used to express or control pain
4) Cognitive-evaluation: beliefs, attitudes, memories meaning of pain to you which can inidicate response to pain
5) Sociocultural: demographics, support systems, past history with pain, cultural beliefs, age, sex, economic status, education as well as families and caregivers as they influence patients response as well
How is pain classified?
1) by underlying pathology: nociceptive or neurological pain
2) by duration: acute or persistent
what is nocioceptive pain? what are the types?
pain related to damage to somaticorvisceral tissue. can be planned such as surgical incision, broken bone, medical condition such as athritis. usually responds well to opioid or non opioid medication. 2 types. 1) somatic 2) visceral
what is somatic nocioceptive pain?
aching, throbbing, localized, arises brobone, joint, muscle, skin or connective tissue
what is visceral nocioceptive pain?
usually has to do with cancer or tumour involvement, arises from internal organs such as intestine and bladder
what is neuropathic pain?
damage to the peripheral nerve or CNS. burning, shooting, stabbing pain or electrical. can be sudden, intense, short lived or lingered. difficult to treat. can be ceneral or peripheral in origin.
what is included in the initial pain assessment
O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V. Onset, Provocative/palliative, Quality, Region, Severity, Treatment/timing, Understanding, Values
True or false. the nurse must document the words that the pt used to desciribe the pain.
true.
true or false. intensity of pain is measured using scales.
true. 0/10. can be adjusted to pt’s age and cognitive ability. eg. the faces scale
what must we keep in mind when it comes to indigenous people and pain?
high rates of persistant pain. awareness of discrimination related to the assumption of substance miss use and pain issues. acknowledge expirienced related to historical social issues to ensure culturally sensitive pain management.
pain treatment basic principals.
routine assessment is essential for effective managment. unrelieved acute pain complicate recovery. pt’s self report of pain should be used whenever possible. pt’s report of pain needs to be believed and taken seriously. need to assess pts for pain often and check in on them after pain relief provided to ensure it is effective and working. ALL pts should have adequate pain relief. treatment is based on pt’s goals for pain treatment. treatment of pain should include combination of pharmalogical and nonpharmalogical therapies. NEED TO FREQUENTLY ASSESS