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nur5079 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Diagnostic Overshadowing

A

when a health professional makes the assumption that the behaviour of a person, with learning disabilities or mental health issues, as part of their disability without exploring other factors such as biological determinants.

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2
Q

Identify the 3 D’s

A
  • Dementia
  • Delirium
  • Depression
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3
Q

Why aren’t we good at spotting Diagnostic Overshadowing?

A
  • High pressure environment
  • Lots of decisions to make
  • Rarely go back and look at results of decisions
  • Rarely get case by case feedback
  • Clinical supervision hard to access
  • No blame clinical setting
  • unconscious bias
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4
Q

What can healthcare professionals do to avoid Diagnostic Overshadowing?

A
  • Good communication
  • Think holistically ( circumstances and the bigger picture )
  • Making reasonable adjustments
  • Appropriate sharing of information
  • Involve those who know the patient the best.
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5
Q

What is Delirium?

A

It is an altered state of consciousness which can occur when people are under acute stress, they are intoxicated, they are in great pain, suffering from an infection or extremely disorientated in a new setting

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6
Q

Give a broad definition of Dementia

A 
The loss of cognitive functioning: 
- Thinking 
- Remembering 
- Reasoning 
to the extent that it interferes with a person's daily life and activities
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7
Q

Define Psychosis

A

It is defined as a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality.

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8
Q

What are hallucinations?

A
  • False perceptions
  • They are sensory: hear, smell, touch or taste
  • They are when we can sense something but nothing is there
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9
Q

What are illusions?

A
  • They are misperceptions, we think we see something but it turns out to be something else.
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10
Q

Name the 3 most common types of hallucinations:

A
  • Sensory Deprivation
  • Sleep Deprivation
  • Voices
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11
Q

Give an overview of Charles Bonnet Syndrome

A
  • It is a relatively benign experience of immersive visual hallucinations often experienced by those losing their eyesight.
  • It can include complex visual hallucinations that take over all of someone’s visual field.
  • Believed to be a result of the shutting down of the visual cortex as people’s eyesight falls.
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12
Q

What are the most common drugs that can cause hallucinations?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Cannabis
  • Cocaine / Amphetamines
  • Opiates
  • LSD / DMT / Psylocybin / Mescaline
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13
Q

Define Thought Disorders

A

It describes a series of behaviors where the person’s ability to focus or think are impaired.

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14
Q

Identify common words/ positive symptoms used to describe thought and speech disorders

A
  • Pressure Of Speech / Flight Of Ideas
  • Circumstantial / Tangential Speech
  • Perseveration / Clanging / Verbigeration
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15
Q

What does Pressure Of Speech / Flight Of Ideas mean?

A
  • Very rapid speech that sounds as if it has little or no punctuation
  • Jumping from topic to topic
  • Unable to concentrate & speak about one thing
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16
Q

What does Circumstantial / Tangential mean?

A
  • Every answer includes a long story that may or may not answer the intended question.
17
Q

What does Perseveration / Glanging / Verbigeration mean?

A
  • When speech is related to sound rather than content.

- They might repeat one statement or become trapped repeating one word over and over.

18
Q

Define Delusions

A

They are fixed false beliefs ( or highly unlikely beliefs ) that are not explainable through social context or culture

19
Q

Define Paranoia

A
  • It is the most common form of ‘delusional thinking’
  • It refers to a person’s experiences of: fear, anxiety and mistrust of others.
  • General state of hyperarousal and anxiety about the risk of harm or threat to themselves.
20
Q

Define Delusions Of Persecution

A
  • When someone believes that they are being harmed by something that is either provably not true or highly unlikely to be true.
21
Q

Define Grandiosity

A

When someone behaves and may also believe themselves to be much more capable, talented, unique or superior than they actually are.

22
Q

Define Delusions Of Grandeur

A

When someone believes that they really are something they are not.

23
Q

Define Ideas Of Reference

A

They are a form of delusions where people interpret everyday experiences as having a special significance for them in particular

24
Q

Define Over - Values Ideas

A

It is a term used for when an idea is held strongly, but not strongly that is it considered ‘delusional’

25
Q

Identify The Common Symptomology Of Dementia

A
  • Lapses in memory
  • Language deficits
  • Disorientation
  • Mood swings
  • Lack of self-care
26
Q

Provide an overview of Vascular Dementia

A
  • Issues with blood supply to the brain
  • Interaction between cerebrovascular disease and factors
  • Strokes & lesions are common
  • Often occurs in conjunction with AD
27
Q

Provide an overview of Lewy Body Dementia

A
  • Characteriszed by the abnormal build up of proteins into masses known as Lewy Bodies
  • Often associated with behavioral changes ( not always memory )
28
Q

List the Pharmacotherapy available for Dementia

A
  • No effective treatment
  • Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Memantine
29
Q

What is Emotional Intelligence?

A
  • The ability to recognise emotions in self and others
  • The ability to manage those feelings
  • Linked to high job performance
  • Linked to great leadership
  • Linked to high resilience
30
Q

What is Compassion Fatigue?

A

The final result of a progressive & cumulative process that is caused by prolonged, continuous and intense contact with patients, use of self and exposure to stress.

31
Q

Define Values Congruence

A

It is all about how your personal values are represented by your organisation

32
Q

Define Depersonalisation

A

It is a way to protect yourself by ‘acting’ as your professional identity even if you don’t ‘feel’ it

33
Q

Give an overview of ‘Burnout’

A
  • No energy
  • No motivation
  • Irritable
  • Low threshold for stress
  • Resistant to change
  • Long term disability
  • Inefficient at work
  • Increasing sickness absence
34
Q

What is the LeDeR Report ( 2019 )?

A
  • Learning Disabilities Mortality Review

- It highlights the many health inequalities faced by people with learning disabilities

nur5079 (5 decks)

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