Week 2 Flashcards
What causes redness at the site of inflammation?
Vasodilation of arterioles from the histamine triggered by mediators or mast cells that then spasm to stop the bleeding
What is brought to the injured site when the vasodilation occurs?
Neutrophils, monocytes, oxygen, and nutrients to dilute toxins
With vasodilation that dilates the capillaries, what lines the vessels?
Leukocytes
How do the traveling leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) arrive at the tissue where the site of the infection is present?
Cells squeeze through the gaps in the capillary walls to enter at site of infection
What does phagocytosis do at the site?
Digests the foreign substances’ cellular debris
Why is fibrinogen important at the site of injury?
Transforms into fibrin to wall off the injured area, taking the foreign substances to make a mesh to support blood clotting and healing
When the injury occurs, what stimulates the pain receptors?
Prostaglandins
Why does the hypothalamus increase the body temperature?
Macrophages releasing pyrogens when exposed to bacteria
What reaction in the body inhibits bacterial growth and causes the liver and spleen to remove iron in the body that some bacteria use for growth?
Fever
What do cells release when they are attacked by viruses?
Interferons
Where do interferons travel, and why?
Spread to uninfected cells to trigger the making of enzymes that would inhibit the viral replication
What system with about 20 blood plasma proteins gets activated to attack the bacteria, causing it to let water into the bacteria’s cell to swell, burst, and die?
The complement system
What is the process called that starts with vasodilation; increases permeability of vessels for the WBCs, macrophages, and plasma to go to the foreign cells; and forms a coat around the microbe to kill them?
Phagocytosis
Symptom due to the release of prostaglandins
Fever/chills
Symptom due to vasodilation and more blood to the area
Erythema
Symptom due to increased capillary permeability from the inflammatory response
Edema
Sign that there is bone inflammation (osteomyelitis)
X-ray
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?
Type I
Mechanism: IgE bound to mast cells; release of histamine and chemical mediators
Effects: Immediate inflammation and pruritus
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is ABO blood incompatibility or transfusion reaction?
Type II
Mechanisms: IgG or IgM reacts with antigen on cell-complement activated
Effect: cell lysis and phagocytosis
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Autoimmune disorders; systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis
Type III
Mechanisms: Antigen-antibody complex deposits in tissue-complement activated
Effect: inflammation, vasculitis
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Contact Dermatitis: transplant rejection
Type IV
Mechanism-Antigen binds to T lymphocyte; sensitized lymphocyte releases lymphokines
Effect:delayed inflammation
