Week 2 Flashcards
Ligase
Enzyme, joins pieces of dna
helicase
Enzyme, unwinds dna
Topoisomerase/gyrase
Enzyme, that relieves supercoiling
Primase
RNA polymerase that makes primer for replication
ssBP
Single stranded binding proteins binds to ssDNA and protect from tangling/reforming dsDNA
initiation
polymerisation starts
chain elongation
main phase of polymerisation
termination
polymerisation stop
okazaki fragments
dna fragments being generated on the lagging strand
Semi conservative DNA replication
DNA contains one older and one newly replicated strand
supercoiling
overwind DNA
replication fork
structure where DNA is being replicated on the lagging strands
promoter
Dna sequence near start site of transcription, bound by sygma factor which recruits RNA polymerase II complex
RNA polymerase II complex
Collection of proteins that make an RNA copy of DNA
Sigma factor
Common bacterial transcription factor
Transcription factor
protein that bind Dna and regulates transcription
Transcription bubble
local unwinding of DNA for transcription
Transcriptional activator
Molecule that increase transcription
Transcriptional repressor
Molecule that decreases trancription
Transcriptional start site
DNA sequence where transcription begins
Alpha Helix
Form of protein secondary structure that forms a right handed helix
Beta strand
Extended form of protein secondary structure
Beta sheet
Assembly of beta strands
Beta turn
Form of protein secondary structure, often formed between Beta strand in a beta sheet
Secondary structure
Local interaction in the polypeptide chain with defined hydrogen bonding patterns and backbone bond angles
Side chain
Functions groups which distinguish amino acids from each other
polypeptide
protein or peptide
primary structure
protein sequence
Protein folding
process of forming tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Arrangement of folded proteins subunits
Tertiary structure
Overall fold of a protein
