Week 18: Gene, Genomes, Pathways and Stuff Flashcards
Describe the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis:
It states that a single gene controls the production and the correct function of one enzyme
Give the modern interpretation of one gene-one enzyme hypothesis
A single gene encodes the production and the correct function of a single polypeptide.
Describe complementation:
Complementation occurs if two or more mutations are on different genes that collaborate to express a phenotype you won’t have the final phenotype expressed.
What’s epistasis?
Interactions between different genes on the same pathway.
What is DNA?
DNA is an unbranched linear polymer of nucleotides joined together by identical covalent linkages and differing only in their side chains
What does a nucleotide contain?
-A deoxyribose sugar -A phosphate group through which they link to each other.
Why are polynucleotides directional?
Due to phosphodiester linkage.
What’s phosphodiester linkage?
The linkage between the 3’ carbon atom of one sugar and 5’ carbon of another sugar.
What are the two important rules about the structure of DNA ideated by Erwin Chargaff?
1- The total number of adenine is equal to the total number of thymine. 2-The total number of cytosine is equal to the total number of guanine.
What are stacking forces?
Forces that held the structure of the DNA molecule together and prevent water to enter the inside region.
What governs the expression of the proteins?
The sequence of the bases (the nucleotides sequences) governs the expression of proteins.
What are the three differences between DNA and RNA
-RNA is single stranded -In RNA the sugar is ribose -Thymine is replace by uracil in RNA.
