Week

Question 1

hydrogen bond

Answer 1

hydrogen weakly bonded with an anion from another molecule

Question 2

functional groups of organic chemicals

Answer 2

hydroxyl
carbonyl
carboxyl
amino
sulfhydryl (hydrophobic)
phosphate
methyl (non-reactive)

Question 3

waters specific heat

Answer 3

1cal/g*C

Question 4

aqueous solution

Answer 4

solution that uses water as the solvent

Question 5

how does water release and absorb heat

Answer 5

hydrogen bonds breaking absorb heat (boil into gas)
hydrogen bonds forming release heat (ice)

Question 6

enatiomers

Answer 6

isomers that are mirrors of each other

Question 7

Thermal energy

Answer 7

KE associated with movement of atoms and molecules

Question 8

equation for pH

Answer 8

-log[H+]

Question 9

Base

Answer 9

Compound that accepts an H+(decreases concentration) or donates an OH- in a chemical reaction

Question 10

hydroxyl

Answer 10

Alcohol
Dissolves Sugar by forming hydrogen bonds with water

Question 11

Concentration of H+ and OH- at equilibrium

Answer 11

10^-7 M

Question 12

covalent bond

Answer 12

sharing of valence electrons with btwn two atoms

Question 13

nonpolar

Answer 13

electrons are shared equally

Question 14

ionic bond

Answer 14

bond btwn anion and cation

Question 15

How do you know if an acid or base is strong

Answer 15

Complete dissociation of H+ or OH- from the acid or base

Question 16

solute

Answer 16

substance dissolved in a solution

Question 17

ion

Answer 17

atom that isn’t neutral

Question 18

sulfhydrl name and function)

Answer 18

Thiol
stabilizes protein structures

Question 19

solvent

Answer 19

dissolving agent of a solution

Question 20

trans isomer

Answer 20

two molecules are on opposite sides

Question 21

explain cohesion of water

Answer 21

hydrogen bonds between water molecules have strong surface tension so they’re hard to break. This means water stays together and can travel up roots of plants

Question 22

structural isomer

Answer 22

different covalent bond arrangement

Question 23

energy

Answer 23

capacity to cause change

Question 24

4 properties of water for life

Answer 24

cohesive behavior
ability to moderate temperature
expansion when frozen
versatility as a solvent

Question 25

methyl

Answer 25

affects DNA

Question 26

Isotope

Answer 26

atoms of an element that have different neutrons

Question 27

cis isomer

Answer 27

two molecules are on the same side above or below the x axis

Question 28

Acid

Answer 28

Compound that has an H+ which is donated(increases concentration) in a chemical reaction

Question 29

isomers

Answer 29

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different lewis dot structures

Question 30

polar

Answer 30

electrons are not shared equally because one atom is more electronegative

Question 31

asymmetric carbon in an enantiomers

Answer 31

Carbon attached to 4 different atoms

Question 32

What does the energy of atoms depend on. What does this mean?

Answer 32

distance of electrons from nucleus (farther from nucleus=more potential energy)

Question 33

electronegativity

Answer 33

tendency of an atom to attract electrons into its bonds

Question 34

Buffer

Answer 34

a reaction that’s job is to minimize changes in pH when H+ is added or subtracted from a reaction. Generally a WEAK acid with its corresponding base.