week 13 glycolysis

Question 1

what two polysaccharides contain more than half of organic carbon

Answer 1

starch
cellulose

Question 2

name 4 cells that require glucose as an energy source

Answer 2

erythrocytes
retina
renal medulla
brain

Question 3

what are monosaccharides

Answer 3

a single sugar

Question 4

what are disaccharides

Answer 4

monosaccharides joined together

Question 5

what are polysaccharides

Answer 5

multiple disaccharides joined together

Question 6

alpha and beta relate to the position of the hydroxyl group; alpha is…

Answer 6

down

Question 7

alpha and beta relate to the position of the hydroxyl group; beta is…

Answer 7

up

Question 8

glucose transport into cells via Na+/glucose symporters;

Answer 8

sodium is transported into the cell due to the imbalance of sodium ions inside and outside of the cell

(high conc out, low conc in)

Question 9

how is glucose transported into cells

Answer 9

via passive facilitated diffusion through glucose transporters

Question 10

explain a low KM

Answer 10

enzyme requires a low concentration of substrate to operate at half its Vmax (half its maximal speed)

doesn’t need a lot of glucose to be transported

Question 11

GLUT 1 steps

Answer 11

1. binding of glucose outside triggers a conformational change so that the binding site faces inwards
2. glucose can be released in the inside
3. conformational change regenerates the binding site on the outside

Question 12

what is glycolysis

Answer 12

the initial degradation of glucose to pyruvate

must invest 2ATP molecules in order to harvest some energy.

net gain of 2ATP

Question 13

stages of glycolysis

Answer 13

1. glucose is trapped and destabilised
2. two interconvertible three-carbon molecules are formed
   3.generation of ATP - energy harvesting reactions

Question 14

control points in glycolysis

Answer 14

production of ATP

provision of building blocks for synthetic reactions