Week 13: Cholesterol + Lipids Flashcards
What are the modifiable risk factors for CV disease? (4)
Hypertension
Cholesterol
Low income + social deprivation
Smoking
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for CV disease? (4)
Age > 50 yrs
Gender
FHx
Ethnicity
What are lipids?
Fats used in the body to synthesise cell membranes and give energy.
What substance transports lipids around the body?
Lipoproteins
What are the 2 types of lipids found in the blood plasma?
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
What are LDL? (3)
Low-density lipoproteins
Major transporters of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
Encourages cholesterol deposit in the arteries = ‘bad cholesterol’
What are HDL? (2)
High density lipoproteins (Good cholesterol) because they carry unneeded cholesterol away from the cells and back to the liver where it’s broken down and removed from the body.
What is Triglycerides? (2)
Common type of dietary saturated fats.
Makes up 95% of all ingested fats.
How are triglycerides transported? (2)
Via LDL and HDL molecules in the blood and if in excess can cause arterial damage.
What factors can cause high cholesterol?
Saturated fats from animal (cheese, lard, butter, beef, pork/poultry fat, margarine)
Eating lots of animal fat boosts LDL.
What substances can help reduce cholesterol? (5)
Unsaturated fat (olive oil, omega-3 fatty acids)
Vegetarian diets
Exercise
Vitamin C
Niacin
At what age should the estimated CVD risk be checked?
> 40 yrs
When would a full formal risk assessment be considered?
Px who have an estimated 10 yr risk of CVD = ≥10%.
What assessment tool is used to assess CVD risk?
QRISK
Which patients would be eligible for the QRISK? (2)
25-84 yrs without CVD
25-84 yrs with Type 2 diabetes.
