Week 13

Question 1

What is the primary characteristic of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)?

Answer 1

B. Ascending weakness

Question 2

Which of the following infections is most commonly associated with triggering GBS?

Answer 2

B. Campylobacter jejuni

Question 3

In GBS, molecular mimicry involves:

Answer 3

B. Proteins of infectious agents resembling myelin proteins

Question 4

The primary pathophysiology of GBS involves:

Answer 4

B. Peripheral nervous system demyelination

Question 5

A characteristic clinical finding in GBS is:

Answer 5

C. Hyporeflexia or areflexia

Question 6

Guillain-Barré Syndrome often follows which type of illness?

Answer 6

A. Viral or bacterial infections

Question 7

The term ‘ascending weakness’ in GBS refers to:

Answer 7

B. Weakness progressing from legs upward

Question 8

A potential complication of GBS that requires emergency intervention is:

Answer 8

C. Respiratory failure

Question 9

Which cranial nerve involvement in GBS can lead to autonomic dysfunction?

Answer 9

D. CN X

Question 10

In GBS, Schwann cells:

Answer 10

B. Regenerate the myelin sheath

Question 11

Parkinson’s disease primarily involves the degeneration of:

Answer 11

B. Substantia nigra

Question 12

The cardinal sign of Parkinson’s disease is:

Answer 12

B. Tremor at rest

Question 13

The ‘pill-rolling tremor’ in Parkinson’s disease is most noticeable when:

Answer 13

C. The body is at rest

Question 14

The imbalance in Parkinson’s disease occurs between:

Answer 14

B. Acetylcholine and dopamine

Question 15

A major risk factor for developing Parkinson’s disease is:

Answer 15

B. Advanced age

Question 16

What is the medical goal in managing Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 16

C. Control symptoms and maintain functional independence

Question 17

Which of the following medications is the mainstay treatment for Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 17

B. Levodopa

Question 18

The addition of carbidopa to levodopa helps by:

Answer 18

C. Preventing levodopa metabolism outside the brain

Question 19

In Parkinson’s disease, the characteristic gait is described as:

Answer 19

B. Forward-flexed and shuffling

Question 20

The ‘freezing phenomenon’ in Parkinson’s disease refers to:

Answer 20

B. Temporary inability to initiate movement

Question 21

What is the most common long-term complication of GBS?

Answer 21

C. Residual motor weakness

Question 22

In GBS, which cranial nerve is most commonly associated with dysphagia?

Answer 22

C. CN IX

Question 23

Which of the following diagnostic findings is most indicative of GBS?

Answer 23

B. Elevated protein in CSF without pleocytosis

Question 24

Which intervention is used to remove circulating antibodies in GBS?

Answer 24

B. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE)

Question 25

Autonomic dysfunction in GBS can result in:

Answer 25

B. Tachycardia or bradycardia

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true about GBS?

Answer 26

D. Respiratory compromise is a major cause of mortality.

Question 27

What is the primary reason for mechanical ventilation in patients with GBS?

Answer 27

B. Weakness of respiratory muscles

Question 28

A common sensory symptom experienced by patients with GBS is:

Answer 28

B. Paresthesia

Question 29

The initial symptoms of GBS usually involve:

Answer 29

B. Ascending symmetrical weakness

Question 30

Guillain-Barré Syndrome does not typically affect:

Answer 30

A. Cognitive function

Question 31

In Parkinson’s disease, which of the following symptoms is considered a late manifestation?

Answer 31

C. Dysphagia

Question 32

The neurotransmitter imbalance in Parkinson’s disease involves a decrease in:

Answer 32

B. Dopamine

Question 33

What is the main purpose of adding carbidopa to levodopa?

Answer 33

C. Reducing levodopa metabolism outside the brain

Question 34

Which characteristic gait is most often seen in Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 34

C. Propulsive, shuffling gait

Question 35

A patient with Parkinson’s disease shows a 'mask-like' facial expression. This is due to:

Answer 35

A. Rigidity in facial muscles

Question 36

Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 36

C. Hyperreflexia

Question 37

The freezing phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease can be addressed by:

Answer 37

B. Cognitive distraction (e.g., stepping over imaginary lines)

Question 38

The surgical treatment Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease primarily aims to:

Answer 38

D. Improve motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity

Question 39

Which of the following autonomic symptoms may occur in Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 39

B. Orthostatic hypotension

Question 40

The 'pill-rolling' tremor in Parkinson’s disease is a result of:

Answer 40

B. Decreased dopamine in the substantia nigra