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Western Civilization II Final > Week 12 - World War II > Flashcards

Week 12 - World War II Flashcards

1
Q

What revisions to the Versailles Treaty did Germany demand?

A

1) Rearmed Military
2) Remilitarize the Rhineland.
3) Absorb Austria
4) Sought to Absorb Western Czechoslovakia
5) Sought to Expand Into Eastern Europe and Poland.

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2
Q

When did Germany meet each of its demands?

A

1) Rearmament - 1935
2) Militarized the Rhineland - 1936
3) Annexation of Austria - 1938
4) Annexation of the Sudetenland - 1938
5) Annexation of Poland - 1939

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3
Q

What is the annexation of Austria called?

A

The Anschluss.

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4
Q

What is the area of Western Czechoslovakia Germany annexed in 1938 called?

A

The Sudetenland.

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5
Q

What was the name of the British Prime Minister who attempted to appease Hitler’s Germany?

A

Neville Chamberlain.

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6
Q

What was the final decision of the conference in Munich regarding Germany and the Sudetenland?

A

To allow Germany to take the Sudetenland in exchange for a promise from Hitler to not advance on any other European territory.

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7
Q

What country did Germany seize in violation of the Munich Conference?

A

The remainder of Czechoslovakia.

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8
Q

What is the name of the Secret agreement between the Nazi’s and Germans that set up the invasion of Poland?

A

The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.

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9
Q

What is the German’s form of “lightning warfare” called?

A

Blitzkrieg.

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10
Q

What did Japan first invade China?

A

1932.

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11
Q

What is the name of the puppet state established by the Japanese in China?

A

Manchuria.

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12
Q

What horrible event occurred during the 1937 conquering of Nanking by Japan?

A

The Rape of Nanking. (300,000 slaughtered and 30-50,000 raped.)

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13
Q

What was the only Western nation alarmed at Germany’s increasingly provocative actions?

A

France.

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14
Q

What two incidents undermined the power of the League of Nations?

A

1) Japan invasion of Manchuria and the response of only a reprimand of Japan
2) Italian invasion of Ethiopia and a refusal of Britain and France to embargo oil to Italy and allowing Italy access to the Suez Canal.

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15
Q

What was Germany’s plan to win World War II?

A

A quick attack on France that would conquer the French and allow them to move to the East without fighting a two front war.

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16
Q

What was Germany’s real goal after the conquering of Poland?

A

Lebensraum in the east.

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17
Q

Where did French and British forces attempt to halt German invasion in the West?

A

Belgium.

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18
Q

Where did French and British forces retreat after losing in Belgium?

A

Dunkirk.

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19
Q

What happened at the miracle of Dunkirk?

A

Germans inexplicably delayed the final blow on the Allies for several days which allowed French and British soldiers to evacuate.

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20
Q

What is the time in between the invasion of Poland the the invasion of the West called?

A

“the Phony War”

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21
Q

What was the Maginot Line?

A

A formidable line of underground defenses from Switzerland to Belgium.

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22
Q

What was the weakness in the Maginot Line?

A

Belgium never completed construction of their portion. This allowed Germany to easily avoid the French portion of the line.

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23
Q

How did Germany attempt to seize Britain?

A

By using aerial superiority to bomb the British into submission.

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24
Q

What was the Battle of Britain?

A

A three-month aerial war launched by the Germans against the City of London.

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25
Q

What aided Britain in defending London in the Battle of Britain?

A

Radar.

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26
Q

What was the name given to the Germany invasion of the USSR?

A

Operation Barbarossa.

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27
Q

Where was the turning point of Operation Barbarossa?

A

The 1942 Battle of Stalingrad.

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28
Q

How long did the Battle of Stalingrad last?

A

Five months.

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29
Q

How did Hitler attack Russia?

A

By splitting his army into two forces. One pushed towards Moscow and the other towards Stalingrad.

30
Q

How many Russians died in the Battle of Stalingrad?

A

Over 4 million.

31
Q

How many Germans died in the Battle of Stalingrad?

A

Over 800,000.

32
Q

What changed the U.S.’s position of nonintervention in World War II.

A

The attacks on Pearl Harbor.

33
Q

When did the attack on Perl Harbor occur?

A

December 7, 1941.

34
Q

What did the U.S. do that contributed to the Pearl Harbor attacks?

A

Attempting to cut off Japanese access to oil through the waters around Indonesia.

35
Q

What was Operation Torch?

A

The U.S. invasion of Africa and southern Italy in an attempt to open a second front through northern Italy.

36
Q

What is the Allied invasion of France called?

A

D-Day.

37
Q

What is unique about D-Day?

A

It was the largest amphibious assault in military history.

38
Q

What chance of success did Eisenhower’s advisors think D-Day had?

A

50-50.

39
Q

What is the name of the brief counter-offensive launched by Germany against invading Allied forces?

A

The Battle of the Bulge.

40
Q

When did Allied Forces reach Germany?

A

May 1945.

41
Q

What was the U.S. Strategy for war in the specific before the defeat of Germany?

A

To minimize losses in the region but concentrate on the Western front.

42
Q

What Battle was the turning point in the War in the Pacific?

A

The Battle of Midway.

43
Q

What was the ground assault of Japan codenamed?

A

Operation Olympia.

44
Q

What was the estimated result of a ground invasion of Japan?

A

One million US Casualties and an even greater number of Japanese Casualties.

45
Q

What was the Manhattan Project?

A

The group responsible for working on developing and testing the atomic bomb.

46
Q

Where were the two atomic bombs dropped?

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In that order.

47
Q

What is the government of France during Nazi occupation called?

A

Vichy France.

48
Q

Where was Vichy France governed from?

A

Vichy.

49
Q

Who was the head of the Vichy government?

A

Marshal Henri-Philippe Petain.

50
Q

What were the terms of the French Armistice with Germany?

A

1) Germany would control 3/5 of the country.
2) All the Jews living in France had to be surrendered to the Germans
3) French Army disbanded and POWs except 100,000.
4) French Military escapees prevented from leaving France.
5) French Citizens instructed not to fight the Germans.

51
Q

What role did France take in Germany’s extermination policy?

A

An active one. French aided in the deportation of 70,000 Jews.

52
Q

What pushed French men to join the French Resistance?

A

The Vichy government implementing compulsory work in Germany for French young men.

53
Q

What French government countered Vichy France?

A

France Libre.

54
Q

Who led the France Libre?

A

General Charles de Gaulle.

55
Q

What happened to the members of Vichy France’s government at the end of WWII?

A

They were given trials and imprisoned or executed.

56
Q

What was the Allied Post-War conference to discuss Europe’s postwar reorganization called?

A

The Yalta Conference.

57
Q

Who were the big three at Yalta?

A

1) Winston Churchill - Britain
2) Franklin D. Roosevelt - The United States
3) Joseph Stalin - USSR

58
Q

What did the Big Three Agree to at Yalta?

A

1) Post-War Germany would be divided into temporary administrative zones controlled by each of the three nations present. (Later French would get a zone)
2) A Post-War United Nations would be created with four permanent Security council members: Britain, the US, the USSR, and China. (France added Later)
3) War reparations were to be paid by the Germans. Topic was abandoned and delegates said they’d refer the matter to a reparations commission.
4) The U.S. proposed a declaration of Liberated Europe with democracies that were representative of the people through free election.
5) Russia would receive strategic Japanese islands in exchange for their participation in the Pacific War.
6) Poland was left undecided except for a free election to be held in a month in the country.

59
Q

What provided the ground for significant misunderstanding of the Yalta conference?

A

The death of Roosevelt and appointment of Truman.

60
Q

How many Jews were killed in the Final Solution?

A

6-7 Million

61
Q

How many non-Jews were killed?

A

1-3 million.

62
Q

Where does the blame for the Final Solution lie?

A

Not entirely on Hitler. On Hermans, French and anyone who aided or ignored it.

63
Q

What was at the root of the final solution?

A

Social Darwinism.

64
Q

What is “The Hitler Syndrome”?

A

The propensity to describe Hitler as a lunatic/madman.

65
Q

Who is one prominent person who opposed Hitler in Germany?

A

Dietrich Bonhoeffer.

66
Q

What allowed the USSR and US to be successful in WWII?

A

An industrial sector that could keep militaries in the field for an extended period of time.

67
Q

How productive was the U.S. Economic during the war in comparison to other major powers?

A

1) Britain - Civilian consumption fell by 12%
2) Germany - Civilian consumption fell by 260%
3) Japan- Civilian consumption fell by 26%
4) U.S. Civilian consumption increased by 12%

68
Q

What are the overall death counts for Work War II?

A

12 Million soldiers dead.
17 Million Civilians Dead.
11 Million From War Related Diseases Killed.

69
Q

What Major Nations Pushed For Independence After WWII?

A

1) India
2) Vietnam
3) Indonesia
4) Malaya
5) Burma
6) Ceylon

70
Q

What happened to India when Hindus and Muslims clashed?

A

The British divided the empire into three states. Two muslim Pakistans bordering Hindu India in between.

71
Q

Why did colonial nations liquidate their Empires After WWII?

A

1) No Money, Military Power, or Will

2) Nationalism in the Colonies Flared after WWII.

Western Civilization II Final (10 decks)

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