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Ultrasound Physics > Week 12 Two Dimensional Imaging > Flashcards

Week 12 Two Dimensional Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Channel?

A

The combination of the active element, wire, and system electronics

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2
Q

What are the three type of array transducers?

A
  1. Linear
  2. Annular
  3. Convex/Curvilinear
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3
Q

Linear

A

Active elements are arranged in a straight line.

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4
Q

Annular

A

Elements are arranged as circular rings with a common center.

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5
Q

Convex/ Curvilinear

A

Active elements are arranged in a bowed or arched line.
AKA:
curved
curvilinear array

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6
Q

What are the type of transducers?

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Annular Phased
  3. Linear Phased array
  4. Linear sequential array
  5. Convex/ Curvilinear sequential array
  6. Vector array
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7
Q

What 2 transducers are antiquated and no longer used?

A
  1. Mechanical transducer
  2. Annular phased array
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8
Q

What type of transducer is used in echo?

A

Linear Phased array

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9
Q

What type of transducers are used in vascular?

A
  1. Linear sequential array
  2. Curvilinear sequential array
  3. Vector Array
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10
Q

How many crystals are used in a mechanical transducer?

A

Single Disc

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11
Q

What kind of focus does a mechanical transducer have?

A

Fixed focusing

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12
Q

What kind of steering does a mechanical transducer have?

A

Mechanical steering

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13
Q

What shape of an image does a mechanical transducer have?

A

Sector shape

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14
Q

What happens when a mechanical transducer have a broken crystal?

A

Loss of Entire image

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15
Q

What shape and # of crystals does an annular phased transducer have?

A

4 or 5-ring circular shaped.

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16
Q

What type of focus does an annular phased transducer have?

A

Electronic focusing

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17
Q

What type of steering does an annular phased transducer have?

A

Mechanical steering

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18
Q

What image shape does an annular phase transducer have?

A

Sector Shape

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19
Q

What happens when a crystal is broken in an annular phased transducer?

A

Horizontal or side to side band dropout.

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20
Q

How many crystals are in a Linear Phased array Transducer?

A

100-300 crystals

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21
Q

What kind of focus does a Linear Phased array transducer have?

A

Electronic Multi-focus

22
Q

What kind of steering does a linear phased array transducer have?

A

Electronic Phasing

23
Q

What shape image does a linear phased array transducer create?

A

Fan or sector shaped

24
Q

When a Linear Phased Array transducer has broken crystals, what happens to the image?

A

Erratic steering, depends on how many and where the crystals are broken.

25
Q

How many crystals does a linear sequential array transducer have?

A

120-250 crystals

26
Q

What kind of focus and steering does a Linear Sequential array transducer have?

A

Electronic

27
Q

What shape image does a linear sequential array transducer create?

A

Rectangular

28
Q

When a Linear Sequential array transducer’s crystals break, What happens to the image?

A

Blackout extending directly downward from the damaged element. VERTICAL DROUPOUT!

29
Q

How big is a linear sequential array transducer?

A

1 wavelength thick

30
Q

How big is a Linear Phased Array transducer?

A

1/4 - 1/2 Wavelength thick

31
Q

How many crystals does a curvilinear sequential array transducer have?

A

120 - 250 crystals

32
Q

What kind of focus and steering does a Curvilinear sequential array transducer have?

A

Electronic focus
Electronic Steering

33
Q

What shape image does a Curvilinear sequential array transducer create?

A

Blunted sector

34
Q

What happens to the image when crystals from a Curvilinear sequential array transducer break?

A

VERTICAL DROPOUT

35
Q

How big is a Curvilinear Sequential Array transducer?

A

1 Wavelength thick

36
Q

How many crystals does a Vector Array Transducer have?

A

120 - 250 Crystals

37
Q

What type of Focus and steering does a Vector Array transducer have?

A

Electronic Focus
Electronic Steering

38
Q

What shape image does a Vector Array Transducer create?

39
Q

What happens when crystals from a Vector Array Transducer break?

A

Poor steering and focusing. Depends on how many crystals and where crystals are located along the transducer.
Dropout occurs.

40
Q

What does “Phased Array” mean?

A

Always means adjustable and multi-focus.

41
Q

True or False, Mechanical scanning produces pictures that are similar in shape to linear phased array images?

A

True, Mechanical scanning and linear phased array create sector shaped images.,

42
Q

True or False, Many active elements fire at almost the same time in a mechanical scanner.

A

False, there is only 1 active element in a mechanical scanner.

43
Q

True or False, Many active elements fire at almost the same time in a phased array scanner.

A

True, many active elements fire at almost the same time in a phased array scanner.

44
Q

What transducer is best described as mechanically steered and fixed, single focused.

A

Mechanical transducer.

45
Q

What transducer is best described as mechanically steered and multi-focus?

A

Annular phased Array Transducer

46
Q

A linear phased array transducer has 128 crystals. How many of these crystals are fired to create a single sound beam?

47
Q

A Linear sequential array transducer has 128 crystals, How many of these crystals are fired to create a single sound beam?

A

a small group. With linear sequential array transducers, a small group of active elements are fired to create each sound pulse.

48
Q

In a linear phased array, what is the firing pattern that steers a beam to the left of right?

A

The firing pattern that steers a beam to the left or right is Electronic Slope.

49
Q

In a linear phased arrays what is the firing pattern that focuses a sound beam?

A

The firing pattern that focuses a sound beam is electronic curvature.

50
Q

True or False, there are large time delays in the firing pattern of a linear phased array transducer.

Ultrasound Physics (10 decks)

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