Week 12 - Sedatives, Hypnotics and Anaesthetics Flashcards
What are the 5 different types of Anxiety?
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Social anxiety disorder
- Separation anxiety
- Specific phobia
- Panic disorder
What is the cup/bucket theory?
more stressors add up over time
How do Benzodiazepines work? SEs?
= Allosteric modulators of GABA channels -> cause downregulation of neuronal excitability
SEs:
- drowsiness
- decreased alertness
- lack of coordination
How do Pregabalin work? SEs?
= GABA analogue that binds to a2S subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels
SEs:
- dizziness
- headache
- dairrhea
What is Combination Therapy?
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Symptomatic treatment -> drugs
Lifestyle
How do we measure the potency of an anaesthetic?
Higher the MAC, lower the potency of the anaesthetic
MACs of some anaesthetics
Out of Nitrous oxide, Halothane and Methoxyflurane which has the highest potency, rate of induction, and MAC?
Potency - Methoxflurane
Rate of Induction - Nitrous oxide
MAC - Nitrous oxide (MAC > 1000 -> also means its less potent)
What are some theories about the rate of induction of anaesthetics?
Lipid solubility:
-> high lipid solubility anaesthetics might partition themselves broadly before reaching brain (like in fat stores) -> so takes longer to be effective
Blood-gas coefficient:
-> describes the solubility of a gas in blood
-> high soluble compounds such as methoxyflurane may bind to plasma proteins and take a longer time to reach equilibrium in lungs and again with brain
Recovery time of anaesthetics?
lower potency -> faster recovery
What are some common anaesthetics? use?