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ENG10002 > Week 12: Ceramics > Flashcards

Week 12: Ceramics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 different types of ceramics?

A
  1. Glasses - lime soda glass
  2. Clay - bricks
  3. Refractories - fireclay
  4. Abrasives - si carbide, al oxide
  5. Cement - concrete
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2
Q

Is glass an amorphous or crystalline ceramic?

A

Amorphous

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3
Q

What is another way of saying non-crystalline?

A

Amorphous, short-range order

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4
Q

Crystalline Ceramic

A

An ordered structure with unit cells

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5
Q

What’s an example of a crystalline ceramic?

A

Quartz

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6
Q

What bonding is present in crystalline and non-crystalline ceramics?

A

Ionic and covalent

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7
Q

Why do ceramics have a lower density?

A

Because atoms are different sizes so they’re packed less efficiently

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8
Q

What does the bonding mean in ceramics?

A
  • High strength
  • High melting temp
  • Low ductility
  • Low electrical conductivity
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9
Q

Why aren’t there many slip planes in ceramics?

A

Because of the strong covalent and ionic bonding

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10
Q

What does a lower number of slip planes mean?

A

Little to no plastic deformation occurs, so the material will be brittle

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11
Q

Supercooled Liquid

A

Amorphous ceramic above Tg

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12
Q

What happens when the bonding of electrons are shared equally?

A

%IC is 0, so it’s fully covalent bonding

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13
Q

What happens when the bonding of electrons are shared unequally?

A

%IC isn’t 0, so there’s some form of ionic bonding

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14
Q

What is another way of saying crystalline?

A

Long-range order

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15
Q

What are silicate ceramics made of?

A

Silicon & Oxygen

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16
Q

What are examples of silicate ceramics?

A

Naturally occurring

Eg: soils, sand, rock, gravel, clay

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17
Q

How do we form a crystal material?

A

Heat above Tm and cool slowly

18
Q

Why is glass non-crystalline?

A

When it moves from supercooled to glass, it doesn’t have enough time to reorder its crystals

19
Q

What crystal structure is present in diamonds?

A

Sp3

20
Q

What crystal structure is present in graphite?

A

Sp2

21
Q

What crystal structure is present in graphene?

A

Sp2

22
Q

What are 3 methods to make ceramics?

A
  1. Glass forming
  2. Firing
  3. Cementation
23
Q

Which concrete test method isn’t standardised?

A

Tensile test

24
Q

Why do you add more water to concrete than needed?

A

To increase workability and put it into moulds

25
Q

What test method is used for finding fracture toughness?

A

4 point bend test with notch

26
Q

What test method is used for finding E?

A

3 point bend test

27
Q

Thermal Toughening

A

Heating between Tg and softening point, then quenching with air jets quickly

28
Q

Chemical Toughening

A

Adding element in ceramic where diffusion takes place

29
Q

Laminating

A

Placing glass between polymer and laminating

30
Q

Glazing

A

Applying a material to surface and firing until solid

31
Q

Concrete

What is the filler and matrix?

A

A composite material

Filler: Water, gravel & sand (aggregate)
Matrix: Portland cement

32
Q

Hydration

A

The process of creating cement and triggering the reaction

33
Q

How do voids form in concrete?

A

Voids or holes in cement that form due to excess water after reaction

34
Q

Why are pores bad?

A

They lead to lower fracture toughness because of lower cross-sectional area

35
Q

How to test concrete?

A

Compression and flexural testing (3 point)

36
Q

In a compression test, what leads to a higher strength?

A

Lower temperature and higher strain rate

37
Q

Reinforced Concrete

A

Putting steel reinforcements into steel to increase toughness

38
Q

Pres-stressed Concrete

A

Creating tension in reinforcement then releasing when pouring concrete

Creates compressive strength in concrete

39
Q

Geopolymer Concrete

A

Matrix of cement and thermosetting polymer

40
Q

Pros and cons of geopolymer concrete?

A

+ High TS, FS, CS
+ Lighweight
+ Corrosion resistance
- Expensive
- Dangerous to human skin

ENG10002 (17 decks)

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