Week 12 Flashcards
The Three-Step Proportionality Test
Appropriateness
Less Restrictive Means
Balancing (disadvantages must not outweigh the advantages)
Degrees of Judicial Review
Marginal Review
Full Review
Marginal Review
Used when lawmakers have a lot of freedom to decide how to act.
CJEU checks for clear mistakes
Respect for separation of powers
Full Review
Applied when decisions involve limited freedom or require stricter oversight.
Precautionary Principle
Aims to manage risks where scientific certainty is lacking but potential harm exists.
Precautionary Principle Origin
Initially ECJ but formalized by CFI
Pfizer case
Justifies protective measures by EU institutions when risks are uncertain
Risk Assessment Components
Must be thorough, based on latest scientific data and transparent