Week 1.1: Schizophrenia Flashcards
Is a chronic mental health disorder that affects a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
It is characterized by episodes of psychosis, along with other symptoms such as disorganized thinking, difficulties in speech and movement, and changes in emotional responses
Schizophrenia
Medications used to manage psychosis, including schizophrenia. They help reduce symptoms like hallucinations and delusions.
Antipsychotics
An irrational and persistent feeling that people are ‘out to get you’.
In schizophrenia, this can manifest as believing others are reading your mind or plotting against you.
Paranoia
Sensory experiences that appear real but are created by the mind.
In schizophrenia, auditory ones (hearing voices) are common.
Hallucinations
A delusion where a person believes their thoughts are being broadcast to others, often through media or other means.
Thought Broadcasting
False beliefs that one’s body or mind is decaying or that one is dead or non-existent.
These are often associated with severe depression and psychosis.
Nihilistic Delusions
A mental disorder where a person loses touch with reality, experiencing delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there).
Psychosis
Early institutions established to care for people with severe mental illnesses. The term “Bedlam” comes from Bethlem Royal Hospital, founded in 1245 in England.
Madhouses
Institutions built in the 1800s to provide better accommodation and care for people with mental illnesses. These were often located in green areas outside cities to promote recovery through fresh air and work in the fields.
Asylums
An approach to mental health treatment that emphasized humane and respectful care, good living conditions, and therapeutic activities.
Moral Therapy
Asylums became overwhelmed with patients over time, leading to deteriorating conditions and a decline in the quality of care.
Overcrowding
Early term for psychiatrists who specialized in treating mental illness. They emerged in the 1800s as doctors began to see more mentally ill patients in large mental hospitals.
Alienists
A mental illness caused by chronic syphilis, leading to brain damage and severe psychiatric symptoms.
General Paralysis of the Insane
Intellectual disabilities or developmental disorders affecting cognitive functioning.
Mental Handicap
A group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities severely enough to interfere with daily functioning.
Ex. Alzheimer’s disease (occurring in later life)
Dementia
A German pioneering psychiatrist who significantly influenced the classification of mental illnesses.
Emil Kraeplin
He identified dementia praecox (now known as schizophrenia) and distinguished it from manic depressive insanity (now known as bipolar disorder).
Emil Kraeplin
An early term for schizophrenia, characterized by early onset and progressive deterioration, similar to dementia but occurring in younger individuals.
Dementia Praecox
An early term for bipolar disorder, characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression with intervals of normal mood.
Manic Depressive Insanity
A Swiss psychiatrist who coined the term “schizophrenia” in 1911. He believed there were multiple types of schizophrenia, which he referred to as the “group of schizophrenias.”
Eugen Bleuler
What are the Four A’s in diagnosing Schizophrenia according to Bleuler?
Autism
Ambivalence
Loose Association
Blunting or Incongruity of Affect
Difficulties in social communication and withdrawal from reality.
Autism
Uncertainty and conflicting feelings, leading to indecisiveness.
Ambivalence
Disorganized thinking, where thoughts are loosely connected or jump from one topic to another.
Loose Associations
Reduced emotional expression or inappropriate emotional responses.
Blunting or Incongruity of Affect
Related to the pathology of the nervous system. Kraepelin believed schizophrenia was a degenerative brain condition.
VS
Bleuler’s view that schizophrenia could be a psychological response to stress or trauma, rather than purely an organic brain disorder.
Neuropathological (Kareplin) VS Psychological Reaction (Bleuler)
A German psychiatrist who developed a list of symptoms, known as Schneiderian first-rank symptoms, to help diagnose schizophrenia more reliably.
Kurt Schneider
First-Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Auditory Hallucinations
Thought Insertion
Thought Withdrawal
Thought Broadcasting
Made Acts, Thoughts, or Feelings
Delusional Perception
Hearing voices that echo thoughts, argue about the person, or provide a running commentary on their actions.
Auditory Hallucinations
The experience of having thoughts placed into one’s mind by an external source.
Thought Insertion
The experience of thoughts being removed from one’s mind.
Thought Withdrawal
The belief that one’s thoughts are being broadcast to others.
Thought Broadcasting
The belief that one’s actions, thoughts, or feelings are controlled by an external force.
Made Acts, Thoughts, or Feelings
Attributing unusual significance or meaning to ordinary perceptions.
Delusional Perception
