Week 11 - Risk treatment & adaptation options Flashcards
What are the 3 components of the risk management process?
- planning
- risk assessment
- risk treatment.
What are the 3 components of the risk assesment?
- identification
- analysis
- evaluation
what is risk treatment?
Selection and implementation of measures to modify risk.
what uncertainties are associated with adaptive planning?
- how fast the climate will change
- the effects of climate change
- how solutions effect the wider community
what are the ways of adapting
reactive
private - individuals
public - government
autonomus - spontaneous adjustment
planned
maladaptive
what are the adaptive measures and their definitions
- avoid - eliminate a hazard or exposure
- control - reduce the chance of the hazard occurring
- mitigate - reduce the severity of the consequences
- transfer - transfer the consequence to someone else
- do nothing - accept the consequences
what is adaptive capacity
The capacity of a system or community to adjust to and cope with changes or disturbances
define salience
The extent to which a natural hazard stands out in its potential impact
what are the different types of maladaptation
- path dependency
- increasing GHGs emissions
- more impacts on vulnerable communities
what are hard adaptive measures
- relying on built infrastructure (sea walls)
- relying on something that lacks flexibility (one path)
what are soft adaptive measures
- empowering local communities (WSUD)
- relying on natural infrastructure (wetlands)
what is maladaptation
solutions that reduce climate change impacts but increase impacts on other systems or communities
what is VSL and how is it used
value of statistical life
assesses the benefits of policies aimed at reducing deaths
what are the different types of resilience and their definitions
Engineering resilience → Return to the former state,
Ecological resilience → Retain the same function,
Specific resilience → Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, and Rapidity,
General resilience → System’s characteristics that enable it to respond to disturbances
how can the built environment impact equality
The built environment can create barriers that influence equality like jobs, services, and education
what strategies are effective for adapting
- effective early warning systems for climate-related hazards
- Building climate-resilient infrastructure
what are examples of climate-resilient infrastructure
- Coastal dune restoration
- Water treatment plants designed for consistent water supply
- green roofs in urban areas
- Flood barriers and levees to withstand extreme weather events
what is included in the multiple criteria for adaptation
cost
risk reduction
environmental impacts
legality
adaptability
culturally appropriate
what are 2 types of node removal
error - removing random nodes
attack - removing most connected nodes
What is social capital?
Bridging - Creating relationships between typical social groups
Bonding - Deeping connections you already have
Linking – Connecting with decision makers and officials with influence
when undergoing risk treatment, what are some ways to compare alternatives
changes in risk
cost
as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)
what is ALARP
a solution must be implemented unless the cost outweighs the benefit
what are examples of people oriented design
- Reduces emissions
- Enhances community resilience
- Health-enabling environments
what are the key components of a complete street
active sidewalks
bike lanes
roadways
safe crossways
planting strip
green spaces
list 2 examples for each of the adaptation interventions
accommodate - flood proofing, SW management
protect - beach drainage, wetlands
retreat - lands swaps, propetry buy-out
avoid - zoning, setback controls
maintain - maintain
attack - land reclamation
What are the adaptation interventions?
Accommodate, Attack, Avoid, Maintain, Protect, and Retreat.
