Week 11: Respiratory tract infections Flashcards
Which RTIs are predominantly viral?
Common cold and sore throat
Which RTIs are predominantly bacterial?
Sinusitis (often viral), otitis media
What RTIs require antibiotics? (4)
Pharyngitis caused by strep
Epiglottitis
Diptheria
Severe sinusitis/otitis media
What causes bronchioloitis?
RSV
Is croup caused by a bacterial or viral infection?
Viral
When getting a culture of a RTI, what must we be careful of?
LRT and sample pureness
LRT: difficult, commensals often from URT
Sputum sample requires pus, WBCs and no epithelial cells (to ensure no flora from URT)
Which vaccines are protein conjugates?
Pneumococcal, HIB
What is a sore throat, headache, reddened pharynx, inflamed tonsils likely to be?
Pharyngitis (most common viral, bacterial likely too)
What type of organism is strep pyogenes? How do we identify it?
How do we treat it?
Gram + Cocci
B haemolytic, catalase negative
Antibiotics (IV?), paracetamol
Where can strep pneumonia come from?
Commensal (URT), can be a pathogen of LRT
What type of organism is strep pneumonia?
How do we identify it?
Gram positive diplococci
Alpha haemolysis (greening), capsule stain, catalase negative
What is the most common cause of lobar pneumonia? What do we treat it with?
Strep pneumoniae
Treat with broad spectrum antibiotics (ampicillin and doxycycline)
What type of organism is Klebsiella?
Gram - rod
Lactose fermenter (capsule stain-immune evasion)
Post mitral valve surgery a patient presents with fever, RR elevation, right uper lobe consolidation. What could the causative organism be?
Klebsiella (gram - rods are difficult to treat, klebsiella often hospital acquired)
What is a wheeze, hoarse cough and difficulty breathing indicative of in an 8th month old child?
How do we treat this?
RSV (after performing PCR)
do NOT use ABs, rest and support
