Week 11 Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What does OCD consist of?
compulsions & obsessions
What is obsession (OCD) ?
Thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted
What is compulsion (OCD)?
The need to engage in repetitive behaviours or mental acts
Examples of mood disorders
Depression, bipolar & mania
Major depressive disorder is episodic - what does this mean?
Symptoms are usually present at their full magnitude fur a certain period of time and then gradually diminish
MDD is more common in men than women - true or false?
False
Comorbidity of MDD
Anxiety disorder & substance abuse disorder
What is bipolar disorder?
Mood states that fluctuate between depression and mania
Comorbidity of bipolar
Anxiety disorder & alcohol abuse disorder
Elevated levels of which hormone are found in depression?
Cortisol (stress hormone)
Mood disorders often involve imbalances in neurotransmitters - which ones?
Serotonin & norepinephrine
Brain anatomy in depression
Amygdala & prefrontal cortex
Rumination (depression)
Repetitive focus on the fact that one is depressed
Schizophrenia symptoms
Hallucinations & delusions
Disorganized thinking & abnormal outer behaviour is apart of which disorder?
Schizophrenia
A child can inherit schizophrenia from a parent even it adopted true or false?
True
What does dissociative disorder affect?
Memory & identity
Dissociative amnesia
Inability to recall important personal information
Depersonalizations or derealization disorder
Recurring episodes of depersonalizations - derealization or both
Dissociative identity disorder
Two or more separate personalities or identities
Which type of personality disorder is most problematic?
Antisocial and borderline personality disorder
Which personality disorders are most frequent?
Avoidant and schizoid
What is BPD?
Instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and impulsivity
1 cause of BPD
Childhood abuse
Comorbidity of BPD
Anxiety, mood, and substance disorders
What is antisocial personality disorder ?
Complete lack of other peoples rights or feelings
Antisocial personality disorder diagnosis age
18 years
What are the 2 factors of ADHD?
Inattention & hyperactivity
Boys are 3 times more likely to have ADHD - true or false?
True
Which trait is more heritable in ADHD?
Hyperactivity
Those with ADHD have more or less dopamine?
Less
Genes involved in autism
The genes important for the formation of synaptic circuits that facilitate communication between different areas of the brain
Which part of the brain becomes hyperactive in people with OCD?
Orbitofrontal cortex
What is the orbit frontal cortex responsible for?
Learning + decision making
What is the diathesis stress model?
Integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder
Hopelessness theory
Negative thinking style → hopelessness → depression
Diagnosis criteria for MDD
At least 5 symptoms for at least 2 weeks
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Depressed most of the day, everyday for at least 2 years
Mania
Extreme elation and agitation
Wakefield on psychological disorders
“Dysfunction occurs when an internal mechanism breaks down and cannot preform its normal function”
90% of those who complete suicides have a diagnosis of at least 2 mental disorders - true or false?
False - I disorder
Suicide is 3 times higher among females - true or false?
False
4 x higher in males
Avolition
Lack of motivation
Alogia
Reduced speech output
Asociality
Social withdrawal
Anhedonia
Inability to experience pleasure
Depressive schema (Aaron Beck)
Predisposition to think about most things in a negative way
