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Nurp 501 > Week 11- Newborn Physical Exam > Flashcards

Week 11- Newborn Physical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Normal newborn head circ:

A

12-15 inches

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2
Q

Normal newborn weight:

A

5lbs 8oz- 8lb 13oz

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3
Q

Normal newborn length:

A

18-22 inches

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4
Q

Normal newborn temp:

A

97.7-99 F

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5
Q

Normal newborn HR:

A

80-180 bpm

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6
Q

Normal newborn RR:

A

30-60 bpm

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7
Q

When is the screening for congenital heart disease done after birth?

A

After 24 hours and before discharge

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8
Q

What are normal results for the congenital heart screening?

A

Both pre and post ductal sats greater than 95% and less than a 3% difference between the hand and foot.

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9
Q

This is a bluish discoloration of the hands and feet of newborns that is normal for the first 24-48 hours of life due to immature cardiac circulation and in older infants due to cold stress.

A

Acrocyanosis

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10
Q

This is unilateral color change on one side of the newborns body and is more common in low birth weight infants.

A

Harlequin sign

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11
Q

What is the harlequin sign due to and how long does it typically last?

A

Due to vasomotor instability

Transient, harmless, lasts 10-20 minutes

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12
Q

This occurs in 30-70% of newborns and is white or yellow, 1-3mm papules over erythematous base. It can occur anywhere on the body, but usually spare the palmar surfaces.

A

Erythema toxicum

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13
Q

This is exposed sebaceous glands that appear as whiteheads and disappear within the first month of life with no treatment.

A

Milia

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14
Q

These are bluish-grey pigmentation of the skin that are typically located on the lower back, across shoulders, hips and legs. More common in dark skinned newborns and can fade over time.

A

Mongolian spots

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15
Q

This is a raised capillary nevi that can occur anywhere on the body. Can increase in size over the first few months of life and generally disappear by age 10.

A

Strawberry hemangioma

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16
Q

When do you refer with a strawberry hemangioma?

A

With orbital hemangioma, very large hemangiomas, or those with potential to interfere with the airway.

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17
Q

These are pale pink or reddish discoloration of the skin normally located on the nape of the neck, the lower axillae, nasal bridge, or eyelids.

A

Stork bite or nevus flamus

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18
Q

When do stork bites typically resolve?

A

2 years of age

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19
Q

This is fine, soft hair that covers the newborn’a back, shoulders, cheeks, forehead, and scalp that is more common in premature infants. It disappears within first month of life.

A

Lanugo

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20
Q

This is a line of increase pigmentation from umbilicus to genitalia. More common in darker skinned infants.

A

Linea nigra

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21
Q

This is the cheesy, gray-white substance covering and protecting the skin during fetal life that diminishes near term.

A

Vernix caseosa

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22
Q

This appears at 3-4 weeks of age and is caused by maternal hormones which stimulate the infants sebaceous glands. It is more common in males and no treatment is needed.

A

Neonatal acne

23
Q

This is normal when found on presenting parts of the infant.

A

Petechiae

24
Q

Petechiae anywhere other than the presenting parts of the infant may indicate what?

A

Infection

25
Q

These are hyperpigmented lesions, usually macules that are irregular in shape and light brown in color.

A

Cafe-au-lait spots

26
Q

A newborn with 6 or more cafe-au-lait spots bigger than 1cm must be worked up for:

A

Neurofibromatosis

27
Q

This occurs in health infants, appears the same, and improves as skin is warmed?

A

Cutis marmorata

28
Q

Mottling May be due to:

A

Hypothermia or infection

29
Q

Pallor or paleness of the skin may be caused by:

A

Anemia or infection

30
Q

Anterior fontanel is ___ shapes and closes by ____.

A

Diamond shaped

Closes by 18 months

31
Q

Posterior fontanel is ___ shaped and closes by___.

A

Triangle shaped

Closes by 4months

32
Q

How many sutures total?

A

5 total

33
Q

This is a collection of blood under the periosteum caused by pressure during labor or operative measures.
Do NOT cross suture lines.

A

Cephalohematoma

34
Q

Cephalohematomas typically resolve in:

A

6-8 weeks without intervention

35
Q

This is localized swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp caused by pressure during labor and birth.
These DO cross suture lines.

A

Caput succedaneum

36
Q

Caput succedaneum typically resolves in:

A

24-48 hours after birth spontaneously

37
Q

Newborns can fix and focus on an object how far from face?

A

8-10 inches

38
Q

Permanent eye color by:

A

3-6 months

39
Q

Hypertelorism is:

A

Eyes too far apart

40
Q

Hypotelorism is:

A

Eyes too close together

41
Q

Cornea haziness could indicate:

A

Glaucoma

42
Q

Absent red reflex can indicate:

A

Infection or cataracts

43
Q

Grey or white pupil could indicate:

A

Retinoblastoma

44
Q

This is eye openings too small and could indicate chromosomal anomaly or syndrome.

A

Palpebral fissures

45
Q

This is slanting of the eyes:

A

Epicanthal folds

46
Q

Ankyloglossia can cause:

A

Difficulty feeding and latching. Some tissue is anatomically normal and not all tongue ties require repair.

47
Q

Cysts on top of the mouth:

A

Ebstein pearls and normally resolve by 1m of age.

48
Q

Average newborn chest circ:

A

33cm or 2cm less than head circ

49
Q

CN1 assessment in infants:

A

Olfactory- alcohol wipe under nose should elicit a grimace

50
Q

CN II, III, IV, and VI assessment in newborns:

A 
II- optic
III- oculomotor 
IV- trochlear 
VI- abducens
Light in eye causes rapid closure
Baby’s head should follow your face 8-10 inches away
51
Q

CN V, IX, and XII assessment:

A 
V- trigeminal
IX- glossopharyngeal 
XII- hypoglossal
Rooting and sucking reflexes
Swallowing assessed by observing latch
52
Q

CN VII assessment:

A

Facial- glabella rap for blinking

53
Q

CN VIII assessment

A

Auditory- assess infant in a quiet room to observe their reaction to sound

Nurp 501 (8 decks)

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