week 11- immunology Flashcards
components of innate response?
- physical and chemical barrier
- phagocytic leukocytes
- dendritic cells
- natural killer cells
- plasma proteins (complement)
components of adaptive immunity?
- humoral immunity
- cell-mediated immunity
what are white blood cells?
contain a nucleus and organelles, no hemoglobin
what are granular leukocytes?
contains vesicles:
basophils: release heparin, histamine and serotonin in allergic reactions that intensify overall inflammatory response
eosinophils: effects of histamine with allergic reactions
neutrophils: phagocytosis, destruction of bacteria with lysosomes
what are agranular leukocytes?
does not contain granules
lymphocytes
monocytes
B cell?
lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow
clones form plasma cells and memory cells
plasma cells?
produced antibodies
an effector B cell
helper T cell?
stimulates production of cytotoxic T cells and plasma cells, activates macrophages and acts to release cytokines
cytotoxic T cells?
kills virus invaded body cells and cancer cells
antigen presenting cells (APC)?
dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
they engulf and digest antigens that it encounters and then present part of it on the plasma membrane for recognition by the T cells
essential for activation of T cells
memory cell?
descendent of activated B cell or T cell, generated during initial immune response
allows quick response to antigen
antigen?
able to provoke immune response
typically a large protein
antibody (immunoglobulin)?
proteins produced by B cells or plasma cells, released into body fluids (blood, saliva etc) where they attach to antigens
this causes complement fixation, neutralization which marks the antigen for destruction by the phagocytes or complement
complement ?
Group of proteins that are activated by enzymes to produce these 3 effects when the bacteria enters.
causes cytolysis of microbe (killing bacteria), promotes phagocytosis, contributes (promote) to inflammation (helps remove bacteria, causes vascular dilation causes WBC/ plasma (which contains more complement) to move out of blood and into tissue
cytokines?
small proteins that act as a chemical messenger between various part of the immune system
neutralization?
antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial toxins, causing them to lose their toxic effect
opsinisation?
antibodies tag a pathogen for destruction by phagocytic cells
complement activation?
complement binds to antibodies attached to antigens and lead to lysis of the cell
agglutination?
- antibodies cross-link to antigens on cells, causing clumping
effects of vaccines?
– reduce the effect of the disease
– reduce the replication of the organism and eliminate the disease
– prevent replication of the organism
