Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 3514 > Week 11 Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Week 11 Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are feeding and eating disorders characterized by?

A

Feeding and eating disorders are characterized by alterations in normal eating patterns that are marked by distinct and persistent disturbances in eating behaviors, weight regulation, and perceptions towards body weight and shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Key points about eating disorders

A
  • alterations in normal eating patterns (note that there is a change from a person’s usual eating patterns)
  • distinct and persistent disturbances in eating behaviours (is more than just having a couple of days when not feeling hungry)
  • weight regulation and
  • perceptions towards body weight and shape (so really, EDs involve cognition)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risk factors associated with the development of eating disorders:

A
  • Body image distortion
  • Struggling with finding one’s identity
  • History of trauma
  • Difficult transition time
  • Perfectionism
  • Emotional eating
  • BULLYING
  • SOCIETAL MESSAGES
  • COMPETITIVE SPORTS - NEED TO MAINTAIN A CERTAIN BODY WEIGHT FOR SOME SPORTS (Boxing, weightlifting, etc.)
  • PERFORMING ARTS- NEED TO MAINTAIN A CERTAIN BODY WEIGHT (e.g., ballet, theatre, modelling, etc.)
  • LGBTQ2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Several warning signs that may indicate Disordered Eating

A
  • Changes in regular eating habits
  • Changes in mood, social relationships
  • Rituals with food or exercise
  • Physical changes - weight, etc.
  • Rules about food intake
  • Secretiveness around eating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Percentage of those who fully recover from anorexia nervosa is ____

A

Moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anorexia Nervosa: Etiology

A

Biological theories
Genetic Disposition
Biochemical

Psychosocial theories
Separation-individuation theory
Struggles around identity, body image, perfection, control
Cognitive – all or nothing thinking

Family-based theories
Altered family dynamics, negative parental comments

Sociocultural theories
Societal messages, idealization of thinness/ achieving the “perfect body”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anorexia NervosaDSM 5 Criteria

A

Body Weight - Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements leading to a significantly low body weight (defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal, or for children/adolescents, less than that minimally expected)

Fear of Weight Gain - Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight

Body Image Distortion - Disturbance in the way one’s body weight or appearance is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anorexia nervosa: Physical Complications

A

Whole body:
Weakness, lassitude r/t malnutrition

Neuro:
Decreased brain volume, increased ventricular size, neurological deficits in cognitive processing

CNS:
Apathy, poor concentration r/t cognitive impairment, depression

Cardiovascular:
Palpitations, weakness, SOB, chest pain r/t orthostatic hypotension, irregular slow pulse, peripheral vasoconstriction
Arrythmias most common cause of death

Skeletal:
Bone pain with exercise r/t arrested skeletal growth

Muscular:
Weakness, muscle aches r/t muscle wasting (loss of fat)

Reproductive:
Arrested psychosexual development, loss of menses

Endocrine:
Fatigue, cold intolerance, diuresis, vomiting, hypothermia

Hematologic:
Bruising, clotting abnormalities

Gastrointestinal:
Vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, abnormal bowel sounds, abdominal distention, diarrhea

Genitourinary:
Pitting edema r/t lowered glomerular filtration rate; danger of renal calculi

Dermatologic:
Lanugo a common development, dry cracking skin and brittle nails due to dehydration, acrocyanosis, hair thinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who’s likely to develop bulimia nervosa?

A
  • Lifetime prevalence, 1 to 3% (more prevalent than anorexia nervosa)
  • Onset is between ages 18-24 (older than anorexia nervosa)
  • First-degree relatives more likely to develop
  • Ratio of male-to-female ~ 1:4
  • Related to Western culture social values
  • Comorbid conditions, including anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, BPD, ADHD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bulimia nervosa etiology

A

Biological:
- Dieting
- Neuropathic changes reverse when symptoms subside.
- Genetic – some indications that there are genetic influences
- Biochemical – serotonin levels

Psychosocial Theories
- Separation – individuation theories
- Cognitive theory explains distorted thinking.
- Chaotic families with unclear boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bulimia Nervosa – DSM 5 Criteria

A
  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating
    *Large amount of food in a discrete period of time
    *A sense of lack of control
  • Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviour such as self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, etc.
  • Binge eating and purging occur at least once a week over 3 months
  • Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
  • Supporting Diagnosis
  • Individuals may not be underweight (typically “normal” to slightly overweight)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bulimia Nervosa: Physical Complications

A

Cardiac:
Cardiac abnormalities r/t cardiomyopathies

Metabolic:
Electrolyte abnormalities, weakness, poor skin turgor

Reproductive
Fertility problems, scant menses

Gastrointestinal:
Abdominal pain, automatic vomiting, esophagitis, bowel problems in laxative users

Integumentary:
Scarring, callouses on dorsum of hand

Oropharyngeal:
Dental erosion, pharyngeal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Assessment of Eating Disorders History of Illness

A
  • Current weight, height, BMI, weight history (maximum and minimum weights)
  • Age of onset
    • First concern with weight, shape, appearance
    • Progression of symptoms, diet history
    • Cognitive Symptoms
      • Concentration/Memory/Interest
      • Insight/Judgment
      • Preoccupation with food
  • Co-occurring Disorders
  • Social Functioning
  • Exploring Goals for Recovery – “where do you see yourself moving forward in your recovery?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Screening: ESP Questionnaire

A
  1. Are you satisfied with your eating patterns?
  2. Do you ever eat in secret?
  3. Does your weight affect the way you feel about yourself?
  4. Have any members of your family suffered with an eating disorder?
  5. Do you currently suffer with or have you ever suffered in the past with an eating disorder?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Eating Disorders: Recovery Interdisciplinary Treatment

A
  • Matching therapeutic interventions to the individual’s goals, severity of symptoms, and frequency of behaviors
    • Physical Recovery – Is a priority
    • Normalization of eating
    • Cognitive Therapy
    • Social Rehabilitation
    • Spiritual Care
    • Interdisciplinary team
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eating disorder treatment: physical recovery

A
  • Nutritional Therapy – Note potential for “Refeeding Syndrome”
  • Weight restoration
  • Set point weight (healthy target weight) vs. desired weight
  • Normalization of digestion and elimination functions
  • Normalization of homeostasis (BP, temp, HR)
  • Normalization of blood work (K+, Na+, CO2)
  • Normalization of hormonal function
17
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

potentially life-threatening occurring within 4 to 45 days after the person starts eating again. Severe electrolyte changes and potential for cardiovascular symptoms, seizures, coma and potentially death. Nutritional therapy, refeeding is very closely monitored – refeeding is done slowly in calorie increments.

18
Q

Eating disorders treatment: behavioural recovery

A
  • Understanding purpose of the behaviors as attempts to manage anxiety and other uncomfortable emotions
  • Developing new behavioral repertoire with food, body
19
Q

Eating disorders treatment: cognitive recovery

A
  • Beliefs about weight, shape, and appearance
  • Core beliefs about perfection, control, self-esteem
  • Coping with anxiety
20
Q

Eating disorders treatment: emotional recovery

A
  • Experiencing anxiety
  • Coping with uncomfortable emotions
21
Q

Eating disorders treatment: spiritual recovery

A
  • Exploring, developing a sense of self, identity, purpose
  • Interpersonal relationships
22
Q

Mechanical eating

A

Means eating by prescription, according to a preset meal plan designed to meet individual’s nutritional needs.

Nutrition is scheduled over the day in the form of 3 meals and 3 snacks per day.

Do not rely on hunger or satiety (the condition of being full or gratified beyond the point of satisfaction), food rules, or rituals

Is about 100% nutrition

This is a way of normalizing eating – scheduling of food intake at proper intervals – to retain the body’s internal cues – which have been disrupted – and reducing the risk of over and under eating.

Work with the nutritionist and dietician.

23
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

A
  • The indicated treatment for individuals with bulimia (best practice guidelines)
  • Treatment efficacy for individuals with anorexia equal to other therapies
  • Eating disorder behaviours are seen as the individual’s best attempt to avoid anxiety associated with breaking faulty rules and beliefs (cognitions)
  • Uses specific tools to uncover cognitions: food diaries, thought records, anxiety hierarchies
24
Q

Exposure and Response Therapy action, aim, and modes

A

Action: present tasks that will elicit anxiety in an individual

Aim: prevention of the eating disorder response or ritualized behavior

Modes: flooded or graduated (see hierarchy diagram)

Eat
Buy the food at the store
Watch the food eaten
Go to the food’s aisle in the store
Think of a forbidden food

25
Q

Food disorder education

A
  • Ongoing education about illness, symptoms and recovery
  • The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)
26
Q

Patient Education on Medication

A
  • Medication may be part of the holistic eating disorder treatment process – on a “case by case” and individual basis
  • Considerations for medication use: i.e., phase of illness and/or comorbid mental health issues (i.e., depression, anxiety)
27
Q

Life skills: Building skills in areas of functioning that have been affected by the eating disorder

A

Self-awareness
Self-esteem
Self-care
Communication/Interpersonal relationships
Setting Boundaries
Independence and individuation/Self-responsibility
Assertiveness
Treatment of Impulsive Behaviors
Vocation and Education
Anger Management
Setting Boundaries

28
Q

Group therapy

A
  • Allow one to draw strength and inspiration from peers in group
  • Allows the individual to understand that they are not alone
  • Includes discussion about body image, self-esteem, coping, communication skills, etc.
  • Need to be professionally lead
  • Best utilized in conjunction with individual therapy.
  • Can also have potential for negative effects

NURS 3514 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions