week 11

Question 1

focuses on the stories individuals tell about their experiences.

Answer 1

Narrative Research

Question 2

Road map that the researcher decides to follow during the research journey
*Research questions (and hypothesis)
*Sampling
*Data collection methods
*Data analysis techniques
*Timeframe

Answer 2

Research design

Question 3

focuses on understanding the lived experiences and the meanings individuals attach to those experiences.

Answer 3

Phenomenology

Question 4

explores a specific case in depth, often using multiple sources.

Answer 4

Case study

Question 5

involves immersive observation and interaction with a specific cultural or social group a relatively long period of time.

Answer 5

Ethnography

Question 7

use random assignment of participants, have control over manipulation of independent variable(s), and has a control group or condition

Answer 7

True experiments

Question 8

do not use random assignment, may or may not have a control group, and may or may not have control over manipulation of the independent variable.

Answer 8

Quasi-experiments

Question 9

do not use random assignment, do not have control groups, but have control over manipulation of the independent variable. (Pretest-Posttest)

Answer 9

Pre-experiments

Question 10

do not use random assignment, may or may not have a control group, and do not have control over manipulation of independent variable. (Correlational design, survey)

Answer 10

Non-experiments

Question 11

level of social life in which RQs are focused

Answer 11

Unit of analysis

Question 11

item/s that a researcher observes, measures, or collects while trying to learn something about the unit of analysis

Answer 11

Unit of observation

Question 12

DATA COLLECTION METHOD, PROCEDURE, AND ANALYSIS

Answer 12

surveys
interviews
observations
focus groups experiments
existing data analysis field trials / pilot studies content analysis

Question 12

sampling technique in which samples from a larger population are chosen using a method based on the theory of probability.

Answer 12

Probability Sampling

Question 13

sampling technique in which the researcher selects samples based on the researcher’s subjective judgment rather than random selection.

Answer 13

Non-probability sampling

Question 14

A sampling technique that involves randomly selecting a small group of people from a larger population, and then predicting the likelihood that all their responses put together will match those of the overall population.

Answer 14

Probability sampling

Question 14

A method of obtaining information where every single member of a population is chosen randomly, merely by chance.

Answer 14

Simple random sampling

Question 15

A method where the researchers divide the entire population into sections or clusters representing a population (often by geography).

Answer 15

Cluster sampling

Question 16

A method where researchers choose the sample members of a population at regular intervals.

Answer 16

Systematic sampling

Question 17

A method in which the researcher divides the population into smaller groups (strata) that don’t overlap but represent the entire population (ex. age, gender). While sampling, these groups can be organized, and then draw a sample from each group separately.

Answer 17

Stratified sampling

Question 18

A sampling technique that involves a selection of participants that are not based on random selection. It relies on judgment, convenience, or specific criteria.

Answer 18

Non-probability sampling

Question 19

This method depends on the ease of access to subjects. This method is used when there are time and cost limitations in collecting feedback.

Answer 19

Convenience sampling

Question 20

This method is formed at the researcher’s discretion. Researchers purely consider the purpose of the study, along with the understanding of the target audience.

Answer 20

Purposive sampling

Question 21

A sampling method that researchers apply when the subjects are difficult to trace. In such cases, researchers can track a few categories to interview and derive results. Researchers also implement this sampling method when the topic is highly sensitive and not openly discussed.

Answer 21

Snowball sampling

Question 22

A sampling technique where selection happens based on a pre-set standard and according to predefined quotas. In this case, as a sample is formed based on specific attributes, the created sample will have the same qualities found in the total population. It is a rapid method of collecting samples.

Answer 22

Quota sampling

Question 23

5-10 for pilot studies / exploratory research
10-20 for non-exploratory research
20-30 for studies that can be perceived differently by populations

Answer 23

Qualitative sampling

Question 24

Margin of error is 5% (0.05) Confidence level is pegged at 95% Statistical power should be 80% (0.8)
385 is generally sufficient for a population size of 10,000 at a 95% confidence level with a 5% margin of error.

Answer 24

Quantitative sampling

Question 25

Cochran’s formula

Answer 25

n = Z2 p(1–p) / e2

Question 26

indicates a cause-effect relationship among concepts or variables
it is a type of theoretical explanation about why events occur and how things work expressed in terms of causes and effects or as one factor producing certain results.

Answer 26

Causal explanation

Question 27

an explanation that identifies the concrete, individual sequence of events, thoughts, or actions that resulted in a particular event; historical or individualist explanation

Answer 27

Qualitative idiographic causal explanation

Question 28

an explanation that identifies common influences on a number of cases or events

Answer 28

Quantitative nomothetic causal explanation

Question 29

Cause must come before the effect

Answer 29

Temporal order

Question 30

When we create a causal explanation, we must have more than 2 variables that are correlated by which the primary IV influences the primary DV

Answer 30

SPECIFYING THE MECHANISM IN A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP

Question 30

The occurrence of two events, characteristics, or factors so that when one happens or is present, the other one is likely to happen or be present as well.

Answer 30

Association

Question 31

Process in evaluating each part of the chain

Answer 31

Outlining the causal chain