Week 10: Residential Schooling System Flashcards
In what year was the British North America Act?
1867
In which act did the Dominion of Canada claim complete control over indigenous affairs?
The British North America Act
In which act was the Band Council System created?
The British North America Act
True or False:
The Indigenous peoples were never consulted during the British North America Act.
TRUE
Which act officially forced Indigenous children to go to residential schools?
The Indian Act
In what year was the Indian Act signed?
1876
In 1920, in what age range were the Indigenous children forced into residential schools?
7–16 years old
Why did the Church agree to mandatory attendance?
Because their missionary attempts weren’t super successful before, but now, they are able to force it.
What was the first Residential School?
The Mohawk Institute
In what year was the Mohawk Institute established?
1831
Which prime minister was also Superintendent General of Indian Affairs?
John A. Macdonald
Who researched the American way of forcing Indigenous children into schools and suggested it to Macdonald?
Nicholas Davin
Who suggested that the Residential School system should be paired with the churches?
Nicholas Davin
Why did the government agree to the Churches collaboration in the Residential School system?
- Free workers/teachers to run them
- Church could mass funds for revenue
What was John A. Macdonald’s argument in 1883 against day schools?
- When an Indian child is at a day school on a reserve, he just goes back home to his savage parents and all the day’s education is rendered useless
- But, at a residential school, the Indian child will be deprived of any savagery in the household
What is an order in council?
A federal order recommended directly by the Governor General.
What are the first 3 Residential Schools out west?
- Battleford
- Qu’apelle
- High River
What is the difference between residential schools and industrial schools?
Industrial Schools tried to make Indigenous boys go into the trades.
Residential schools imposed more “theoretical” learning.
In what year do Residential Schools fully replace Industrial Schools?
1923
What was the name of the residential school in which a child’s jawbone was found in 2023?
Qu’Apelle Residential School (aka Lebret)
What 2 churches were most implicated in the Residential School System?
- Roman-Catholic Church
- Anglican Church
What was the peak year of Residential Schools?
1931 (80 schools active)
How many residential schools were there in total?
130
How many First Nations, Métis and Inuit children attended Residential Schools in total?
150 000
How long each year were children forced to attend residential schools?
10 months
What is the most conservative estimate for how many children died in residential schools?
6000
