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PSYC 377 FINAL > Week 10 Lec 19 > Flashcards

Week 10 Lec 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary unit of information processing?

A

Neurons

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2
Q

What are contact points between neurons

A

Synapses

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3
Q

How do you measure and manipulate electrical transmission?

A

Measure: Single unit recording
Manipulate: TMS, tDCS

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4
Q

How do you measure and manipulate chemical transmission?

A

Measure: Voltammetry
Manipulate: Drugs

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5
Q

How do you measure neurotransmitter levels?

A

PET neuroimaging

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6
Q

What parts of the brain have T receptors?

A

Amygdala, hypothalamus, VS

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7
Q

What facets of social behaviour is T implicated in?

A

Aggression, social dominance and status related behaviours

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8
Q

Where is T synthesized?

A

Adrenal glands and gonads

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9
Q

What did Apicella (2008) find when assessing if baseline T levels were associated with risk taking in an investment task?

A

They found that for every increase in one SD above the mean level of T, there was a 12% increase in investment

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10
Q

What were higher levels of endogenous T associated with?

A

Increased financial risk taking

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11
Q

What did Coates and Herbert (2008) find when investigating endogenous T in traders?

A

Traders earned more money on days they had elevated T in the morning

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12
Q

What have meta analyses on measuring endogenous T levels and risk taking?

A

Significant but small correlation between T levels and risk taking

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13
Q

What did Zethraeus find when assessing effect of T on economic behaviour?

A

Found that T and E did not influence altruism (DG), reciprocity (UG), trust and trustworthiness (TG) and risk attitudes
Study only used women and assessed over 4 week period

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14
Q

What did Stanton (2017) find when assessing T levels and consumer behaviour?

A

Found that driving a Porsche (reflecting higher status) led to increases in T when compared to driving an old car

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15
Q

What did Votinov (2020) find when assessing exogenous T levels and emotion regulation system?

A

Exogenous T levels disrupted resting state connectivity within fronto-subcortical and fronto-parietal circuits
Decreased connectively between right DLPFC and right amygdala
T modulates brain networks important for social emotional processing even in absence of specific task relevant to testosterone

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16
Q

What are neuromodulators?

A

Dopamine and serotonin

17
Q

What did Imamura find after administering L-Dopa to patients?

A

L-dopa increased pathological gambling

18
Q

What does blocking dopamine do?

A

Reduces risky choice

19
Q

What did Long (2009) find when studying serotonin depletion?

A

Increased likelihood of choosing risky option when expected value was equivalent to safe choice (decreased safety premium)

20
Q

What are time discounted values of delayed outcomes?

A

Preference for small immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards
Role in overeating, overspending and procrastination

21
Q

What are therapeutic effects of amphetamines in ADHD?

A

Reduces impatient choice
Psychostimulants enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission (stimulates dopamine release and inhibits re-uptake)

22
Q

What Pine (2010) find when combining temporal discounting and pharmacology?

A

Dopamine makes people more impatient (shifted preference towards short term rewards)
Increased dopamine increase discount rate (steeper discounting), leading to reduced SV for delayed rewards

23
Q

How does dopamine affect brain regions with increasing delays to large rewards?

A

Decreases activity in the VS, Insula and lateral OFC

24
Q

How does serotonin influence intertemporal choice?

A

Acute tryptophan depletion reduces serotonin, which makes people more impatient

25
Q

What brain regions does serotonin modulate ITC?

A

Tryptophan/serotonin depletion enhances activity in VS during short term reward prediction

PSYC 377 FINAL (6 decks)

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