Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience of Behavior > week 10- Final Neuroscience of Behavior > Flashcards

week 10- Final Neuroscience of Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What is the outcome of learning

A

memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four types of memory

A

Sensory memory, short term memory, working memory, long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three processing stages of memory

A

1: Encoding
a. acquisition
b. consolidation
2. Storage
3. Retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What parts of the brain are involved with memory?

A

Many, The key ones are the

  • Hippocampus-interconnected with many structures
  • Amygdala
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the loss of memory after a lesion?

A

anterograde/amnesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the loss of memory of events that occur before a lesion?

A

retrograde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What case highlighted that memory is separate from perception and intellect?

A
  • The Famous case of H.M.,
  • we can still learn new motor, procedural and perceptual skills(perception and intellect intact) but can ‘t remember how(memory impaired)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happened in the case of H.M.?

A
  • loss medial temporal lobe and bilateral hippocampus

- He retained normal short-term and working memory and procedural memory but could not acquire long term memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sensory memory, echoic memory, iconic memory are all examples of ?

A
  • Short-term memory

- lasts seconds to minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do these stages describe? 1. sensory memory, 2. attentional resources move to short term storage
3. if rehearsed goest to long term memory

A

Short term memory modal model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is working memory?

A

the ability to retain information over short term(maintenance) and perform mental operations of stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who proposed the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad and central executive?

A

Bradley and Hitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are aspects of long term memory?

A

DES/NP

  1. Declarative memory
  2. Episodic memory
  3. Semantic memory
  4. Nondeclarative memory
  5. Procedural memory(motor skills, walking, talking, riding bike)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between declarative and non declarative memory

A

-Declarative memory is explicit, memory we have conscious access to
consists of episodic(personal experience and semantic(facts)
-Nondeclarative memory is implicit, can’t be declared
consist of priming, habituation, sensitization, procedural memory, learning motor, cognitive skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Damasio say an emotion is?

A

action programs largely triggered by external stimuli

examples include disgust, fear, anger sadness, exploration and play, care of progeny and and attachment to mates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some the complex interconnected network neural systems involved in emotion?

A
  • ANS ( all organ systems, hypothalamus, pituitary, hormones)
  • Limbic system( orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala
  • higher order sensory cortex
  • amygdala
  • insula
  • mPFC (orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum, acc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What some basic emotions?

A

anger, fear, disgust, sadness, surprise, happiness, pride and shame,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are complex emotions?

A
  • love jealousy,

- involves complex goal directed emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 factors that make up complex emotions?

A 
valence and arousal
positive valence (approach) negative valence (withdrawal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the Cannon-Bard Theory?

A
  • bear-thalamus-cortex/fear and hypothalamus/emotional reaction/fight or flight
  • you feel the fear and then you run
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is appraisal theory?

A

I’m out in the wilderness, and I’m not afraid of bears cause I’ve seen them before
-emotional processing is an interpretive act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the James Lange theory

A
  • opposite of cannon bard

- bear-run-feel fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the Singer-Schacter theory?

A
  • when ever something happens, we have to put causative agent to it
  • study: those unaware they had been injected with adrenaline attribute feelings to the environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Do facial expressions vary culture to culture?

A

Ekman found that it did not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

name Universal basic emotions

A

Anger, fear, disgust, sadness, surprise, happiness, shame

-innate universal short lived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is constructivist theory?

A

cognition emerges from cognition molded by culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the three components of emotions

A
  • physiological response
  • behavioral response
  • subjective feeling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the most connected structure of forebrain

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is critical for fear based learning?

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What modulates arousal in relation to memory and enhances retention and modulates hipppocampal consolidation

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Who recognized that emotions were critical to decision making

A

Damasio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What did the Devised Iowa Gambling Task Find?

A
  • damaged brains, can’t recognize emotions, its focused on high payouts without looking at the risks
  • physiological is needed to guide the feedback
  • inability to asses and make good decisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

If S.M can’t recognize fear then where is the damage in the brain?

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the key to recognizing fear if one can’t recognize fear in a face?

A

eye contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is active in categorization of people into groups/ racial stereotyping?

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Is emotional regulation better in those with R frontal lobe or L frontal lobe?

A

L frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Does suppression and reappraisal of emotion expression boost or diminish SNS activity

A

boosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the heartiest way to deal with negative emotions

A

reappraise, refrain it

  • not express or repress
  • ranting and raving will do no good, BP will just raise up, will/James, bumps up the actual emotion
  • ex: consuming a friend who was dumped»reframe, give perspective, be more objective
  • emotion study’s heuristic is wrong
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

If one thinks a situation will get better will the amygdala activity increase or be down regulated?

A

down regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is key to the appraisal and modulation process of emotions?

A

PFC and ACC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the key to experience emotion?

A

insula, involved in modulation of emotion

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does insula do?

A
  • active when experiencing emotions both at physical and emotional level
  • its the junction for the integration of cognitive and emotional information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is central to life according to Damasio

A

-maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What’s Damask’s theory with feelings and evolution?

A
  • feelings developed to respond to homeostatic imbalances, provide additional level behavior regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What’s Damask’s theory with feelings and evolution?

A
  • feelings developed to respond to homeostatic imbalances, provide additional level behavior regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the mechanisms of Damask’s theory of feelings and evolution?

A
  • feelings arise from older regions of the brain

- rooted in events in single cells, unmyelinated axons conveying humoral and visceral information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are Damask’s two main types of action programs?

A
  • Drives: instinctual needs

- Emotion: triggered by exteroceptive stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the most prominent interoceptive pathway in the brainstem?

A
  • lamina 1 spinothalamocortical pathway

- vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the most prominent interoceptive pathway in the brainstem?

A
  • lamina 1 spinothalamocortical pathway

- vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What leads to locked-in syndrome?

A

-damage to upper half of brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Is the insult required in processing of feelings?

A
  • no
  • but engaged in processing feelings
  • key role in modulation of body states
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What structure constitutes half of the frontal lobes in humans

A

the prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), frontal polar
region (FP), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial frontal
cortex (MFC) are part of what structure?

A

the prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the impact of Frontal lobe damage

A

Discussion of perseveration, apathy, and
impulsivity as common problems. Poor planning,
decision making, lack of consideration of
consequences, poor self organization and social
awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is an example of Habit defined as an action no longer under the
control of a reward?

A
  • Brushing your teeth because it feels good
  • eating junk food
  • smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the anterior -posterior gradient?

A

anterior- problem solving

the more ancient structures are in the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the key nt for rewards?

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Is the Sugar high a true phenomenon?

A

No, sugar does not cause hyperactivity. When we eat sugary foods, large amounts of dopamine are released, creating this “sugar high”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What’s a better way to describe multitasking?

A

Multitasking is really just rapid switching: How does
this make sense given the most basic truism
regarding attention?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What does the PFC do in rapid switching?

A
  • modulate sound

- modulate visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is activated to inhibit long term memory?

A

PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What are the key elements of authentic happiness?

A

1 positive emotion

  1. engagement
  2. meaning
  3. accomplishment
  4. positive relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what are the success rates of antidepressants/CBT vs. placebo?

A

65% to 55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is the theory behavioral geneticists have about our moods?

A
  1. 50% genetic set point
  2. 10% circumstance
  3. 40%what you think and do
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What are some evidence based interventions of positive psychology?

A
  • gratitude journaling
  • 5 acts of kindness
  • 3 good things exercise
  • signature strengths inventory: what are the things i do well
  • ones that did the best were the strengths group and the 3 good things group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is Pennebakbr’s theory

A
  • we need to vent, and make sense about a problem
  • studied 3 groups, one group wrote about current life, second group wrote about stressful event, third group wrote about past and 1/3 reported sexual trauma
  • when third group did this intervention they had 50% drop in doctor visits, BP/HR dropped below previous norms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Describe the 4 day writing program

A
  1. write about an emotional upheaval
  2. past
  3. how impact now
  4. how does this tie together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is the Losada ratio? Tipping point

A
  • concept in positive psychology positing an exact ratio of positive to negative emotions which distinguishes “flourishing” people from “languishing” people.
  • individuals and business 3:1
  • marriages 5:1
  • average 2:1
69
Q

What makes up the upward spiral?

A

positive experiences leads to broadened cognition leads to positive coping strategies to social openness and reciprocity

70
Q

What makes up a downward spiral?

A

Loss leads to sadness leads to rumination leads to withdrawal leads to isolation leads to depression

71
Q

T or F

Larger L PFC is more emotionally resilient than R PFC

A

True

72
Q

“Undo Effect”

A

positive emotions speeds up cardiovascular adaptation

73
Q

What is mindfulness meditation

A

a form of broadened cognition that may trigger positive emotions

  • meaning-based coping
  • disengaging and withdrawing from initial appraisal
  • increases L PFC
74
Q

What is Loving Kindness Meditation?

A
  • training one’s emotions toward warm and tender feelings in an open-hearted way focusing feelings first on oneself and then to a widening circle of others
  • increases activity in ACC and OFC
  • reduces agner, guilt, shame PTSD
75
Q

Who is the father of positive psychology

A

Seligman

76
Q

What is PERMA

A
  • related to positive psychology

- positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment

77
Q

Describe the 4 fitness modules

A
  1. emotional fitness
  2. family fitness
  3. social fitness
  4. spiritual fitness
78
Q

What are the four types of responding?

A

I just got a promotion

  1. active and constructive: that’s great, tell me about it, ask questions this is the only relationship building one
  2. passive and constructive: that’’s nice
  3. active and destructive: well does that mean you’re going to come home later
  4. passive and destructive: ignore
79
Q

How doesVT(vagal tone) relate to positive emotions?

A
  • high vt have cognitive flexibility, working memory, directed attention
  • those with higher VT show increased connectedness and positive emotions
  • leads to higher VT
  • upward spiral
80
Q

Alzheimer’s show decrease in

A

Hippocampus

81
Q

brain structure that modulates arousal in relation to memory

A

amygdala

82
Q

damage to orbital prefrontal cortex leads to

A

inability to assess decisions

83
Q

What does procedural memory consist of?

A
  • basal ganglia(key)
  • cerebellum
  • amygdala
  • neocortex
84
Q

What causes transient global amnesia?

A
  • transient ischemia causes
  • spans from weeks to years
  • patient ask continually Why am I here
85
Q

What deteriorates rapidly in those with AD?

A

Hippocampus

86
Q

What deteriorates rapidly in those with AD?

A

Hippocampus

87
Q

What is key to emotional memory?

A

amygdala

88
Q

What is the hippocampus involved with?

A
  • encoding

- retrieving

89
Q

What is the parahippocampal cortex and perirhinal cortex involved in?

A
  • stores contextual info

- stores specific items

90
Q

What are the functions of the L frontal cortex and the R frontal cortex in in relational memory?

A
  • L frontal cortex: encoding

- R frontal cortex retrieval

91
Q

Damage to regions of the temporal lobe outside the hippocampus produces?

A
  • dense retrograde amnesia

- new memories can still be formed

92
Q

What does standard consolidation theory describe?

A
  • memory consolidation
  • medial temporal lobe, neocortex and bound information get transferred and replaced by permanent memory trace in neocortex
93
Q

How are memories stored throughout the neocortex?

A

-distributed representations

94
Q

What is the concept of place cells?

A
  • relates to sleep and memory

- neurons replay learned tasks during sleep

95
Q

What did Baddeley pioneer?

A

-multi component approach to working memory. (M-WM)

96
Q

What are the initial assumptions of the M-WM

that proved to be wrong?

A
  1. holding things in STM guaranteed transfer to LTM
  2. STM was essential to LTM
  3. Poor STM=Poor cognition
97
Q

What is the central executive?

A

-virtual homunculus

98
Q

what are the primary functions of the virtual homunculus?

A
  1. focus attention
  2. capacity to divide attention between 2 important stimulus dreams
  3. must switch between tasks
  4. must have capacity to interface with LTM
99
Q

What is the phonologic loop?

A
  • storage of verbal information by vocal or subvocal rehearsal
  • people can retain as many words as they can articulate in 2 seconds
100
Q

Can STM be interrupted by nonsense words and syllabus and fluctuating tones?

A

yes

101
Q

What is the episodic buffer?

A
  • acts as backup store which communicates with both long term memory and the components of working memory
  • links WM to perception and LTM
  • depends on CE
  • limited to 4 objects though little difference between bound and unbound items
102
Q

What are assumptions of the M-WM model

A
  1. Limited capacity that allows for temporary storage

2. executive component and 2 separate storage systems.

103
Q

What are the components of an emotion?

A
  • physiological response
  • behavioral response
  • feeling
104
Q

What’s the difference between basic and complex emotions?

A
  • basic: unique characteristics that have evolved and are reflected try facial expressions
  • complex: combinations of basic ones, socially/culturally learned, long lasting effects
105
Q

What did Ekman discover about facial expressions in the 60s?

A

-They don’t vary much from culture to culture

106
Q

What’s the difference between basic and complex emotions?

A
  • basic: unique characteristics that have evolved and are reflected try facial expressions
  • complex: combinations of basic ones, socially/culturally learned, long lasting effects
107
Q

Complex emotional reactions are characterized by what two factors?

A
  • valence

- arousal

108
Q

What is the difference between valence and arousal?

A
  • Valence codes emotional events as positive or negative.

- arousal measures how calming or exciting the information is.

109
Q

Complex emotional reactions are characterized by what two factors?

A
  • valence

- arousal

110
Q

When do episodic and semantic memory develop?

A
  • Episodic memory develops at 13 months

- semantic memory at 18 months

111
Q

What do ledoux’s high road and low road suggest about emotions?

A
  • low road: thalamus to amygdala
  • high road: thalamus-neocortex-amygdala
  • don’t reach the same conclusions
  • low road can think a thin rope is a dangerous snake-(triggering fear response) while high road determines it is harmless
  • emotional réponse system is separate from conscious feeling of emotion
112
Q

What does the OrbFC determine?

A
  • uses somatic markers, physiological arousal to assess rewards
  • damage to OrbFC results in the inability to respond to changing patterns of reward and punishment
113
Q

What are the 3 types of emotion influence decision making

A
  1. current emotional state
    2anticipatory emotions prior to decision
  2. emotion you expect to feel after you’ve made decision
114
Q

Emotional reappraisal increases what brain structure activity?

A

-PCC/ACC

115
Q

What are the six dimensions of emotional style

A
  1. Resilience
  2. Outlook
  3. Social intuition
  4. Self-awareness
  5. sensitivity to context
  6. attention
116
Q

What is associated with risk aversion and perception of positive emotions?

A

Insula

117
Q

The amygdala is critical for arousal related to negative/fearful stimuli but not positive stimuli
T/F

A

T

118
Q

Feelings arise from older regions of the brain

T/F

A

T

119
Q

Are feelings or emotions more relevant to depression, drug addition or pain

A

-feelings

120
Q

What are the two main types of action programs that facilitate homeostasis

A
  • Drives

- Emotions

121
Q

A client has damage to the posterior half of the brainstem?

A
  • Coma
  • vegetative state
  • feelings and sentience abolished
122
Q

What neural substrates are involved in feelings?

A
  • amygdala
  • ventral striatum
  • basal ganglia
123
Q

What is interception?

A

-sense that continuously monitors the internal milieu and provides CNS real-time information on the state of the body

124
Q

What contributes to interception?

A

the brainstem (lamina1 spinothalamocortical pathway and vagus nerve)

125
Q

What is the impact of Frontal lobe Damage?

A

poor planning, decision making, lack of consideration of consequences, poor self-organization, social awareness

126
Q

What is essential for the introduction of feelings into the flow of cognitive processes and thus facilitate the crosstalk between cognition and feeling?

A

the insula

127
Q

Studies show that non-human animals have emotions as well, how is it that we are different from animals?

A
  • complex cerebral cortex

- contributes to more enriched and refined feeling states than those found in species with simpler nervous systems

128
Q

Interoceptive pathways have low levels of myelination

T/F

A

T

-vagus nerve is predominately devoid of myelin

129
Q

Why are interoceptive pathways very low in myelination?

A
  • myelinationn is metabolically expensive
  • conduction speed unnecessary in emotion vs pain
  • myelin has pleiotropic effects
130
Q

Is the PFC needed for working memory but not associative memory?

A

T

131
Q

What brain structure is the key to Goal Planning?

A

PFC

132
Q

What brain structures are engaged when response conflict is high? like troop test

A
  • MFC

- lesser extent ACC

133
Q

Which assessment is superior in detecting vascular cognitive impairment after the acute stroke? MOCA or MMSE

A
  • MoCA is superior to MMSE
  • The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, used to evaluate cognitive abilities, can better discern some deficits than the Mini-Mental State Exam.
134
Q

What is mind blindness?

A
  • impaired capacity to reason about another person’s mental state
  • theory in autism spectrum disorders?
135
Q

What is self-reference effect? and what brain structure is activated?

A
  • we remember information better if processed in relation to ourselves
  • mPFC
136
Q

Is the mPFC activity/consumption highest?

A
  • most active when tasks direct our attention away from external stimuli and we are inwardly focused
  • when we are engaged in self-reflective thought and judgement assessments that depend of social and emotional content
  • deactivated when performing active tasks like learning a new skill
137
Q

OFC damage leads to what?

A

inappropriate behaviors

138
Q

What brain structure is key to simulation theory?

A
  • MPFC

- we use the perception of ourselves to perceive others

139
Q

What is the difference between sympathy and empathy?

A

To sum up the differences between the most commonly used meanings of these two terms: sympathy is feeling compassion, sorrow, or pity for the hardships that another person encounters, while empathy is putting yourself in the shoes of another.

140
Q

What happened in the case of Phones Gage?

A
  • damage to orbitofrontal cortex

- despite intact speech, language, memory, problem solving, unable to function because of a lack of emotional control

141
Q

PFC, OFC,mPFC ACC, ANS, HPA, endocrine system, temporal lobes, amygdala, STS, TPJ and mirror neurons are anatomical substrates for what?

A

-Social cognition

142
Q

mPFC, precuneus, TPJ, medial temporal lobe, lat. parietal cortex and the PCC are part of what?

A

The default network

143
Q

Is the default network activated in autistic individuals?

A
  • the default network in autistic individuals shows no change in activation between rest an doing an active task
  • it isn’t deactivated when engaged in the task like normal people
  • low metabolic rates in MPFC
144
Q

The default network is there to ensure that we always have some idea of what is going on around us. This is the _____ hypothesis.

A

Sentinel

145
Q

What brain structure focuses on positive information about the self?

A

The ACC

146
Q

What brain structure is activated when looking into the future?

A

The VMPFC

147
Q

What age does TOM develop?

A

4

148
Q

In simulation theory, a person uses self-perception to aid in the perception of others. What brain structure is crucial in simulation theory?

A

MPFC

149
Q

Those with higher empathy scores show greater activation in _____ and _____

A

insula and ACC

150
Q

____ is key to difference between feelings of self vs. other.

A

the ACC

151
Q

____ is theorized to result from abnormal function in areas associated with person perception; MPFC, amygdala, FFA, STS, insula, TPJ

A

Autism

152
Q

What percentage of Autistic individuals are adept in non-social visuospatial domains?

A

-10% have one skill at savant level

153
Q

What is the key to understanding social interaction( learning and applying social knowledge)?

A

the OFC

154
Q

the OFC is a part of the VMPFC. T/F

A

T

155
Q

Prosocial acts that are intrinsically rewarding activate what brain structure?

A

the OFC

156
Q

What are the 2 key elements of social networks?

A
  1. human beings

2. connections between them

157
Q

What are the ways social networks are shaped?

A
  1. How many people we connect to
  2. how interconnected are our friends and family
  3. How central are we?
158
Q

Social contagion theory found that ties within __ degrees of separation can have an social influence?

A

3

  • friends
  • friend’s friend
  • Friends’ friends’ friends!
159
Q

What are possible confounders to Social Contagion theory?

A
  1. Homophily
    2 Contemporaneous exposures
  2. subjects can be influenced by other contacts
160
Q

In social contagion theory, is geographical/physical distance a factor in obesity?

A

-no, social distance is the key, not physical distance

161
Q

Does having obese same sex friends or obese opposite sex friends increase your chance for obesity? (according to Social contagion theory)

A

-same sex increases 71%

162
Q

What is Descarte’s dualism describe?

A
  • the idea that the mind and brain are separate and distinct

- consciousness is beyond science

163
Q

Materialism

A

-mind and body are physical and can be understood by science

164
Q

What is sentience

A
  • capacity to feel, perceive, experience subjectively

- first person viewpoint

165
Q

The internal subjective component of sense perceptions

A

Qualia

166
Q

Scaffolding to storage describes what?

A
  • how we use conscious process in developing skills
  • once we learn we don’t use conscious processes
  • unconsciousness takes over becomes automatic; i.e. system 1 (automatic)and system 2(mindful)
  • chess master and his intuition
167
Q

What brain structures are critical in error correction?

A

-ACC and mPFC

168
Q

What theory argues that awareness of an event is delayed 500 ms from the onset of stimulation? in sports 300 ms

A

Backwards referential

Neuroscience of Behavior (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions