Week 10- Cingulate System and Eating Disorders Flashcards
Subdivisions of cingulate system and functional correlates- ACC, MCC, PCC
Anterior Cingulate cortex: affect and visceromotor control; (Affect regulation, autonomic regulation, cognitive flexibility)
Midcingulate Cortex: skeletomotor cortex, response selection; (Divided attention)
Posterior cingulate cortex: visuospatial cortex, memory access; (Memory of spatial positional relationships, internally-focused attention)
Starvation impacts and starvation behaviors
Wt loss or poor growth/development Abdominal pain Bradycardia (low heart rate) Amenorrhea Chest pain Raynaud’s/Vasomotor instability Shortness of breath Hypoglycemia Hyperthyroid Food allergies Anxiety, Depression, Obsessions/Compulsions Fatigue Constipation Syncope/Near syncope Slow pace, tiny bites Isolation while eating Hoarding food Overfocus on food/eating
Anorexia- reward system activity and distinctions, cognitive risk factors
Anterior insula then orbital frontal and limbic region- significant decrease in activity for AN
Either sensory or reward/motivation weaker in AN
Most pleasurable = strongest insula signal (no relationship in AN)
Hunger in AN- decreased insula response than typically
Easier to starve without motivational incentive of hunger “hunger blindness”
Reduced food reward in AN, paradoxical effect (connection with anxiety signalling)
Hypoactivation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) during social acceptance and hyperactivation of visual areas during social rejection.
These results suggest an abnormal motivational drive for social stimuli, and involve overlapping social cognition and reward systems leading to a disruption of adaptive responses in the processing of social reward.
Bulmia- reward system activity and distinctions, cognitive risk factors
Increased volume in medial frontal cortex – central striatal volume
Decreased activation in the brain’s reward system in anticipation and after chocolate milkshake
Cognitive abilities not as well understood
as AN
Inhibitory limitations – not impairment
Modified Stroop task used with words to body weight and shape – strong Stroop effect occurs
Attention may be altered
Impulsivity
Binge-Eating Disorder- reward system activity and distinctions
Greater cerebral volumes of medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
Dysfunction of food reward
Difficulty set-shifting and problem solving
More likely to perform worse on decision-making task
Self-reported difficulty with executive functioning
