Week 10: Ch.13: Gender & Sexuality Flashcards
Adrenarche
Refers to the maturation of adrenal glands (6-10 years old)
When the adrenal glands mature, they stimulate hormones that begin the changes we associate with puberty
Androgyny
The gender identity of those who score high on both masculine and feminine characteristics
Women may become more assertive
Men may become more sensitive
Cisgender
A person whose gender identity corresponds with the sex registered for them at birth
Color-Blind Approach
This ideology aims to treat individuals as equally as possible, without regard to race. But this denies the negative racial experiences of people of color, rejects their heritage, and invalidates their unique perspectives, which is in itself a form of racism
Gender Constancy
A child’s understanding of the biological permanence of gender and that it does not change regardless of appearance, activities, or attitudes
Gender Identity
One’s image of oneself as masculine or feminine, embodying the roles and behaviors that society associates with males and females
As adults’ activities shift away from parenting, they become less tied to traditional gender roles
Men become more sensitive, considerate, and dependent
Women become more confidence, self-reliance, and assertiveness
Gender Schema
A concept or a mental structure that organizes gender-related information and embodies their understanding of what it means to be a male or female
Gender Stability
In Kohlberg’s view, young children’s recognition that gender does not change over time, though it is not yet understood as a biological construct but rather based on external traits and behaviors
Gender vs. Sex
Gender is determined by socialization and the roles that the individual adopts
Sex is biological and determined by genetics
Gender-Affirming Care
Care that respects and validates a transgender, non-binary, or intersex person’s experience. Interventions that support people in their gender transition
Supportive counseling, allowing gender expression through clothing, names, and pronouns decreases anxiety/depression
Minimal Groups Research
Shows power of “in-group and out-group” thinking
Parent Contribution to Gender Stereotypes
Parents perceive and treat boys and girls differently
- Predict male infants will be better able to
crawl down a ramp - Parents of sons are more likely to say child
has an aptitude for math - Ambiguous behavior described differently
depending on cues of infant’s gender - Emphasize stereotypical qualities in speech
- Offer different kinds of toys
- Talk about feelings differently
- Play with boys and girls differently
- Assign chores differently
Parenthood & Gender Roles
Parental Imperative states that gender roles are shaped by the need for mothers and fathers to adopt different roles in order to successfully raise children. Parenthood often signals a shift in couples’ behavior and division of labor (mothers to do more housework)
Men: feed and protect
Women: nurture and care
Psychological Essentialism
The hypothesis that humans represent some categories as having an underlying essence that unifies members of a category (i.e., boys & girls) and is causally responsible for their typical attributes and behaviors
Gender essentialism, which has long been discredited by psychologists, is a lay theory that posits that men and women are fundamentally different due to their biology. This theory suggests that there are essential, unchangeable qualities that make males and females who they are.
Sexual Identity
An individual’s sense of self regarding sexuality, including the awareness and comfort regarding personal sexual attitudes, interests, and behaviors, which develops through a period of exploration and commitment
