Week 10 ageing Flashcards
What is ageing?
*this is primary ageing, secondary ageing I associated with different diseases.
A process or group of processes occurring in living organisms that begins at birth and, with the passage of time, leads to a loss of adaptability, functional impairment, and eventually death.
What is a popular way to describe older adults?
Sexagenarians (60-69) Septuagenarians ((70-79) Octogenarians (80-89) Nonagenarians (90-99) Centenarians (100+)
Why is the term elderly not considered helpful?
It implies uniformity when there may actually be great differences between people of the same age.
What are the current trends in ageing?
A BBC article (2007) published that the number of centenarians had reached record high.
However, there seems to be a change currently, the journal of the American medical association published foe the third year in a row that average life expectancy is plateauing.
What were the findings about age and activity in nematodes?
A linear decline in activity with age
What were the findings about age and activity in monkeys?
A decline in walking / jumping over a 24 month period
What were the findings about age and activity in rats?
Reduction in wheel revolutions over a period of 5to 22.5 months.
However, rats that had restricted calorie intake remained more active than those who could eat as much as they wanted.
What did Westerterp (2015) find about PA levels in men and women with increasing age?
Once people reach about 50 there is a steady decline in PA.
How do 100m and marathon running records change with age?
Up until the age of about 80 its only a shallow decline
Summarise the findings of cross sectional data showing changes in VO2max with age?
Regardless of whether you’re an athlete or untrained, rate of decline of VO2max with age is about the same
So training will not slow the rate of decline but what you’re doing is maintaining a higher value (trained 70yr old has a higher VO2max than an untrained 20yr old)
Approx 10% decline per decade
What did McGuire (2001) conclude from his study about exercise training and VO2max FROM 1966-1996?
6 months of training reversed 30 years of ageing
- note when data expressed in relative values, VO2max still not as high in 1996 as 1966 because you put on weight as you age.
What are some possible reasons for the change in VO2max with exercise?
Increased angiogenesis - increased delivery of blood to the muscles
Stroke volume altered - increased cardiac output
Arterial-venous difference increased which suggests more O2 being extracted from the blood by the muscles
Exercise may be able to reverse the arterial stiffness that comes with ageing
What were the findings from Coggan et al (1992) about endurance training and capillary density?
Increased capillary density in the gastrocnemius muscles of 60-70yr old men and women following a 9-12 month period of endurance training (this is angiogenesis)
The study also showed increased oxidative enzyme activity
What were the findings from Ades (1996) about weight training in elderly people?
A 12 week weight training programme was shown to improve leg strength and walking endurance in healthy men and women aged 65-79yrs.
The change in leg extension strength meant that endurance time at 80% of VO2max was increased by approx. 9 mins
What were the key findings from Fiatarone (1994) from a 10wk RCT involving a resistance training programme for 100 frail nursing home residents?
Muscle strength increased (113%)
Walking speed increased (12%)
Stair climbing power increased (28%)
Thigh muscle cross sectional area increased (3%)
