week 10

Question 1

What are the main elements of CBT-based interventions?

Answer 1

Assessment
Clinical formulation
Goal-setting
Psychoeducation linked to diagnosis

Question 2

What are the key focus areas in CBT?

Answer 2

Identifying core beliefs, rules for living, and unhealthy behavioral cycles

Question 3

How does CBT address offending behavior?

Answer 3

Aim: Break the cycle by finding prosocial ways to achieve goals.
Example cycle: I want money and power → People don’t listen → I use violence

Question 4

What are the key features of CBT?

Answer 4

Problem-focused
Structured & time-limited
Collaborative alliance between therapist & patient
Aims to modify maladaptive core beliefs and reduce harmful behaviors

Question 5

For which conditions is CBT highly effective?

Answer 5

Unipolar depression
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Social phobia
PTSD
Childhood depressive and anxiety disorders
Bulimia nervosa
Schizophrenia

Question 6

What is DBT designed for?

Answer 6

Developed for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).

Question 7

What are the key features of DBT?

Answer 7

Combines cognitive-behavioral treatment with psychosocial skills training.
Focuses on mindfulness, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance.

Question 8

What is the primary difference between CBT and DBT?

Answer 8

DBT emphasizes mindfulness as a core component.

Question 9

What dialectic does DBT focus on?

Answer 9

Acceptance (validation) and the need to change.

Question 10

What is the aim of cognitive skills programs?

Answer 10

Teach pro-social and effective life problem-solving skills.

Question 11

What is the aim of cognitive skills programs?What methods are used in

Answer 11

Role-play, facilitator modeling, thought-storming, and creativity exercises.

Question 12

The Enhanced Thinking Skills (ETS; Clark, 2000)

What are the benefits for ETS program completers?

Answer 12

Reduced externalization of blame.
Increased frustration tolerance and social conformity.
Improved critical reasoning skills.

Question 13

What are the goals of anger management programs?

Answer 13

• Understand triggers for anger and aggression.
• Develop skills to manage emotional arousal.

Question 14

What methods do participants learn in anger management programs?

Answer 14

Relaxation techniques.
Conflict resolution without inappropriate anger.

Question 15

What is an example of a CBT-based anger management program?

Answer 15

Controlling Anger and Learning to Manage it (CALM)

Question 16

What are the treatment targets for sex offender programs?

Answer 16

• Reduce sexual preoccupation and preferences for harmful behaviors.
• Address impulsive lifestyles and poor problem-solving.

Question 17

What approaches are most effective for sex offender treatment?

Answer 17

CBT combined with pharmacological treatment.

Question 18

What evidence supports the efficacy of sex offender programs?

Answer 18

Lösel and Schmucker (2005): Reduced reoffending rates from 17.5% to 11.1%.

Question 19

What is ineffective in treating offenders?

Answer 19

Punitive measures like boot camps (Bonta & Andrews, 2010).

Question 20

What is the primary aim and focus of offender rehabilitation in the RNR model?

Answer 20

• Primary aim of offender rehabilitation = reduce amount of harm inflicted on community
• Focus = identify and eliminate, modify, and/or manage risk factors for reoffending

Question 21

What are the three core principles of the RNR model?

Answer 21

Risk: Match the intensity of treatment to the offender’s risk level.
Need: Focus on dynamic criminogenic needs (modifiable risk factors linked to offending).
Responsivity: Tailor the intervention to the individual’s learning style, abilities, and motivation.

Question 22

What are the criticisms of the RNR model?

Answer 22

Difficulty in motivating offenders (“pin-cushion” metaphor).
Negative, avoidant treatment goals (focus on risks, not personal growth).
Ignores personal identity, agency, and non-criminogenic needs.

Question 23

What do meta-analyses suggest about RNR-based programs?

Answer 23

Found effective in reducing recidivism for general and sexual offenders.

Question 24

What is a key limitation of RNR-based evidence?

Answer 24

Insufficient data to conclude that current programs are fully efficacious.

Question 25

What is the primary focus of desistance literature?

Answer 25

Understanding the lifestyle changes that lead to disengagement from crime.

Question 26

What are key factors for desistance?

Answer 26

External: Social support, access to employment.
Internal: A conscious decision to pursue a different life.

Question 27

Good Lives Model (GLM)

What is the primary assumption of the GLM?

Answer 27

Criminal behavior results from unmet values or goals (primary goods) through prosocial means.

Question 28

What does the GLM emphasize that the RNR model does not?

Answer 28

Human dignity, universal rights, personal identity, and agency.

Question 29

What are primary goods?

Answer 29

Fundamental aspirations (e.g., relationships, knowledge, excellence in work).

Question 30

What are instrumental (secondary) goods?

Answer 30

Specific methods to achieve primary goods (e.g., education, social activities).

Question 31

what’s the Aetiological Assumptions according to GLM?

Answer 31

Direct pathway to offending = actively attempts to satisfy primary goods through offending behaviour

Question 32

What does the GLM consider criminogenic needs to be?

Answer 32

Internal or external obstacles to achieving primary goods.

Question 33

What are the practical implications of the GLM?

Answer 33

Develop future-oriented secondary goods for achieving primary goods.
Address criminogenic needs to remove obstacles to achieving primary goods.

Question 34

What are the benefits of GLM-based programs?

Answer 34

Enhances treatment engagement.
Promotes positive therapeutic relationships.
Supports longer-term desistance from offending.

Question 35

What are the four primary problems in living that may lead to offending?

Answer 35

Capacity (internal/external), means, scope, coherence.