week 10 Flashcards
What are the main elements of CBT-based interventions?
Assessment
Clinical formulation
Goal-setting
Psychoeducation linked to diagnosis
What are the key focus areas in CBT?
Identifying core beliefs, rules for living, and unhealthy behavioral cycles
How does CBT address offending behavior?
Aim: Break the cycle by finding prosocial ways to achieve goals.
Example cycle: I want money and power → People don’t listen → I use violence
What are the key features of CBT?
Problem-focused
Structured & time-limited
Collaborative alliance between therapist & patient
Aims to modify maladaptive core beliefs and reduce harmful behaviors
For which conditions is CBT highly effective?
Unipolar depression
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Social phobia
PTSD
Childhood depressive and anxiety disorders
Bulimia nervosa
Schizophrenia
What is DBT designed for?
Developed for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
What are the key features of DBT?
Combines cognitive-behavioral treatment with psychosocial skills training.
Focuses on mindfulness, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance.
What is the primary difference between CBT and DBT?
DBT emphasizes mindfulness as a core component.
What dialectic does DBT focus on?
Acceptance (validation) and the need to change.
What is the aim of cognitive skills programs?
Teach pro-social and effective life problem-solving skills.
What is the aim of cognitive skills programs?What methods are used in
Role-play, facilitator modeling, thought-storming, and creativity exercises.
The Enhanced Thinking Skills (ETS; Clark, 2000)
What are the benefits for ETS program completers?
Reduced externalization of blame.
Increased frustration tolerance and social conformity.
Improved critical reasoning skills.
What are the goals of anger management programs?
- Understand triggers for anger and aggression.
- Develop skills to manage emotional arousal.
What methods do participants learn in anger management programs?
Relaxation techniques.
Conflict resolution without inappropriate anger.
What is an example of a CBT-based anger management program?
Controlling Anger and Learning to Manage it (CALM)
What are the treatment targets for sex offender programs?
- Reduce sexual preoccupation and preferences for harmful behaviors.
- Address impulsive lifestyles and poor problem-solving.
What approaches are most effective for sex offender treatment?
CBT combined with pharmacological treatment.
What evidence supports the efficacy of sex offender programs?
Lösel and Schmucker (2005): Reduced reoffending rates from 17.5% to 11.1%.
What is ineffective in treating offenders?
Punitive measures like boot camps (Bonta & Andrews, 2010).
What is the primary aim and focus of offender rehabilitation in the RNR model?
- Primary aim of offender rehabilitation = reduce amount of harm inflicted on community
- Focus = identify and eliminate, modify, and/or manage risk factors for reoffending
What are the three core principles of the RNR model?
Risk: Match the intensity of treatment to the offender’s risk level.
Need: Focus on dynamic criminogenic needs (modifiable risk factors linked to offending).
Responsivity: Tailor the intervention to the individual’s learning style, abilities, and motivation.
What are the criticisms of the RNR model?
Difficulty in motivating offenders (“pin-cushion” metaphor).
Negative, avoidant treatment goals (focus on risks, not personal growth).
Ignores personal identity, agency, and non-criminogenic needs.
What do meta-analyses suggest about RNR-based programs?
Found effective in reducing recidivism for general and sexual offenders.
What is a key limitation of RNR-based evidence?
Insufficient data to conclude that current programs are fully efficacious.
What is the primary focus of desistance literature?
Understanding the lifestyle changes that lead to disengagement from crime.
What are key factors for desistance?
External: Social support, access to employment.
Internal: A conscious decision to pursue a different life.
Good Lives Model (GLM)
What is the primary assumption of the GLM?
Criminal behavior results from unmet values or goals (primary goods) through prosocial means.
What does the GLM emphasize that the RNR model does not?
Human dignity, universal rights, personal identity, and agency.
What are primary goods?
Fundamental aspirations (e.g., relationships, knowledge, excellence in work).
What are instrumental (secondary) goods?
Specific methods to achieve primary goods (e.g., education, social activities).
what’s the Aetiological Assumptions according to GLM?
Direct pathway to offending = actively attempts to satisfy primary goods through offending behaviour
What does the GLM consider criminogenic needs to be?
Internal or external obstacles to achieving primary goods.
What are the practical implications of the GLM?
Develop future-oriented secondary goods for achieving primary goods.
Address criminogenic needs to remove obstacles to achieving primary goods.
Translate the formulation in a good lives treatment plan
What are the benefits of GLM-based programs?
Enhances treatment engagement.
Promotes positive therapeutic relationships.
Supports longer-term desistance from offending.
What are the four primary problems in living that may lead to offending?
Capacity (internal/external), means, scope, coherence.
