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OTD 7210 Neuroscience > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 12 Cranial Nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

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2
Q

Which cranial nerve is the longest nerve in the body?
A. Trochelar
B. Abducens
C. Facial
D. Vagus

A

D. Vagus

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3
Q

What is the cranial nerve 1 and what does it do?

A

Olfactory Nerve
Sense of smell is dependent on this nerve function.

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4
Q

What is the cranial nerve 2 and what does it do?

A

Optic Nerve
Controls vision

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5
Q

What are the cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6 and what do they do?

A

CN3 Oculomotor
CN4 Trochlear
CN6 Abducens
All primarily control motor function

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6
Q

What is the cranial nerve 5 and what does it do?

A

Trigeminal
Mix of sensory and motor fibers
Sensory from the face and motor to muscles of mastication

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7
Q

What is the cranial nerve 7 and what does it do?

A

Facial
Mix of sensory and motor fibers
Motor to muscles of facial expression and taste from anterior tongue

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8
Q

What is the cranial nerve 8 and what does it do?

A

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory for head position and head rotation, hearing

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9
Q

What is the cranial nerve 9 and what does it do?

A

Glossopharyngeal
Mix of both sensory and motor fibers
Somatosensory from posterior tongue and pharynx; taste from the posterior tongue

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10
Q

What is the cranial nerve 10 and what does it do?

A

Vagus
Motor and sensory to the parynx and larynx
Can also decrease HR, constrict the bronchi, affect speech production , and increase digestive activity

Runs from the brainstem to the colon

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11
Q

What is the cranial nerve 11 and what does it do?

A

Accessory
Motor to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

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12
Q

What is the cranial nerve 12 and what does it do?

A

Hypoglossal
Motor to muscles of the tongue

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13
Q

Describe a CN1 deficit

A

Inability to smell

CN1 Olfactory Nerve

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14
Q

Describe a CN2 deficit

A

Vision may be partiall or completely lost

CN2 Optic Nerve

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15
Q

Describe a CN3, 4, and 6 deficit

A

Nystagmus: an involuntary rhythmic side-to-side, up and down or circular motion of the eyes

CN3 Oculomotor Nerve CN4 Trochlear Nerve CN6 Abducens Nerve

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16
Q

Describe a CN5 deficit

A

*Complete severance of any branch of the trigeminal nerve results in anesthesia of the area supplied by the ophthalmic, maxillary, or mandibular branch

*Trigeminal neuralgia: Dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve that produces severe, sharp, stabbing pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve

*In most cases, pressure of a blood vessel on the nerve causes local demyelination and ectopic foci that sensitize the trigeminal nerve root and the trigeminal nerve nucleus.

CN5 Trigeminal Nerve

17
Q

Describe a CN7 deficit

A

Paralysis or paresis of the ipsilateral muscles f facial expression
Bell’s Palsy; May be due to a viral infection, decreased control of 1 side of the face, loss of forehead and brow movements, inability to close eye and drooping of eyelids, drooping of lower lip

CN7 Facial Nerve

18
Q

Describe a CN8 deficit

A

Tinnitus; form of infrequent, mild, and high-pitched “ringing” that lasts for seconds to minutes is normal, particularly in quiet environments

CN8 Vestibulocochlear Nerve

19
Q

Describe a CN9 deficit

A

Interruption of the afferent limb of both the gag reflex and the swalowing reflex
Salivation is also decreased

20
Q

Describe a CN10 deficit

A

-Difficulty speaking and swallowing, poor digestion, asymmetrical elevation of the palate, and hoarseness
Vasovagal Syncope- when the vagus nerve stimulates certain muscles in the heart that help to slow HR. When it overreacts, it can cause a sudden drop in HR and BP, resultingin fainting

CN10 Vagus Nerve

21
Q

Describe a CN11 deficit

A

Paralyzes the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Results in shoulder pain, “winging” of the shoulderblades and weakness of the trapezius muscle
Paresis and muscles become hypertonic

CN11 Accessory Nerve

22
Q

Describe a CN12 deficit

A

Atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue
When a person with this lesion is asked to stick out the tongue, the tongue protrudes ipsilaterally rather than in the midline
Difficulty with speaking and swallowing
Dysphagia and dysarthria

CN12 Hypoglossal Nerve

23
Q

True/False
Dsyphagia is difficulty with swallowing.

A

True

24
Q

What is the name of poor control of the speech muscles?
A. Dysphagia
B. Dysarteria
C. Dyspagea
D. Dysarthria

A

D. Dysarthria

25
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

Contributes to:
Controlling eye and head movements
coordinating swallowing
helping regulate cardiovascular, respiratory, and visceral activity

Contains the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers impacting on the autonomic functions of breathing, HR and BP and the sleep/wake cycle

26
Q

What does the pons do?

A

Processes motor information from the cerebral cortex and fwd the information to the cerebellum
Controls contraction of muscles involved in:
processing sensation from face (CN5)
lateral movement of the eye (CN6)
chewing (CN5)
Mid raphe nucei modulate pain and control arousal

27
Q

What does the midbrain do?

A

Vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake cycle, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation

28
Q

What are the regions of the midbrain?

A

Basis pedunculi
Tegmentum
Tectum

29
Q

What is reticular formation?

A

A complex neural network that includes the reticular nuclei, their connections, and ascending and descending reticular pathways
Integrates sensory and cortical information

30
Q

What are the 4D’s of brainstem dysfunction?

A

Dysphagia: Difficulty in swallowing
Dysarthria: Difficulty in speaking
Diplopia: Double vision
Dysmetria: Inability to control the distance of movements

31
Q

Locked-In Syndrome

A

-Individual is aware of environment and conscious
-Lost the ability to speak and control muscles other than eyeball movement
-Can move eyes vertically and blink voluntarily
-Due to infarction or hemmorrhage in the ventral pons

32
Q

Reticular Activating System

Subsystem of the reticular formation

A

■Consciousness: Awareness of self and surroundings
■Consciousness system: Governs alertness, sleep, and attention
■Brainstem components: Reticular formation and ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
■Filters information so individuals can focus on important input.
■Arouses the body and prepares it for activity.

OTD 7210 Neuroscience (13 decks)

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