Week 10 Flashcards
what is meant by cardiopulmonary function?
Study of heart of lungs
what is the blood and what is their purpose?
A mixture of cellular and acellular fractions that transport nutrients
(e.g. Oxygen, glucose, vitamins, minerals, proteins, lipids) to cells and
remove waste products
cellular fraction are different types of cells
and acellur fraction are sugars fat, ions etc
to transport oxygen and CO2 away
what is the function of Red blood cell RBC
to carrying oxygen to cell and carrying CO2 away.
produced by bone marrow
Circulate for around 3 months and rejuvenate after being cleared by kidneys
what is heamoglobin?
heam =iron based non protein
globin =protein subuints
Haemoglobin has a high
affinity for oxygen and a
lesser affinity for carbon
dioxide and nitric oxide
what are white blood cells?
- cells of immune system
- produced by bone marrow
- there are many different types of white blood cells such as lymphocytess, natural killer cells etc. Their primary role is to deal with invaders which are threat to immune system i.e bacteria
what are platelets?
type of cells
` produced by bone marrow
- coagulate blood in the event of a haemorrhage
where is most of the blood in human body present
in veins and capillaries not in arteries
where is heart located and what is heart surrounded by and what is its function
- The heart supplies blood to entire body within a min
- located centrally towards the chest
- The heart is surrounded by the pericardium (provides mechanical protection for the heart and big vessels, and a lubrication to reduce friction between the heart and the surrounding structures)
- A fibroserous (part of pericardium) membrane
which surrounds the heart and great
vessels as well. Allows slippage and movement of muscle friction free
What is mayocardium?
• The muscle layer of the heart (causes contraction and ejects blood out of the heart)
• Comprises cardiomyocytes (Specialised muscle),
connective tissue and
capillaries
• it is important that
the electrical signals to the
heart are distributed in the right way and order (to get
regular pumping),
-cardiomyocytes have
intercalated discs that allows the
distribution of electrical signals via gap junction/channels
what is Endocardium
Essentially the endothelium of the heart. • Involved in modulating cardiomyocyte contractility, hypertrophy, forms the blood heart barrier.
what is the anatomy of the heart
there are two part of the heart
Left and Right and has 4 chambers.
left and right both has 2 parts
-Atrium(blood enters the heart, at low pressure, modulate blood flow)
-Ventricle(squeeze the blood out)
all chambers are surrounded by cardiac muscle
what is the purpose of valves
To prevent backflow of blood within the heart
Aids in channelling blood into the coronary vessels
how does heart work?
signals from brain through different nodes which are supplied by nerves. (both sympathetic and parasympathetic).
When you get a shock your ventricles get maximally constricted, and heart beats increase, so that blood flows quickest throughout the body
--sympathetic (superior middle and inferior cervical cardiac nerves) driven by Noradrenaline is acting on neurotransmitter and β1 receptors targets we have these receptors in our lungs as well. – parasympathetic nerves • Vagus • Ach is the neurotransmitter and M2 receptor the target
How does the deoxygenated blood flow in our heart
• Deoxygenated blood returns to right atrium via vena cava • Pumped into right ventricle and into pulmonary artery which leads to lung
-Pulmonary vein returns
oxygenated blood to the left
atrium and then to left
ventricle and out via aorta.
